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Acta Universitatis - Content of 4/2009Obsah čísla 4/2009Contents of 4/2009
Vliv exprese genu pro HPPD na obsah vitaminu E v ječmeni jarním (anglicky)Kosař, M., Holková, L., Březinová Belcredi, N., Ehrenbergerová, J. Abstract The enzyme 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) has a very important role in the biosynthetic pathway of vitamin E. Its activity influences the final level of tocols in plant tissues. Seven barley cultivars with different vitamin E level were grown under control conditions and activity of HPPD gene was measured four, eight and twelve days after pollination of ear tissues. It was found that activity of HPPD gene corresponded with vitamin E content detected in grains (r = 0.77*). The relationship between the gene activity for HPPD eight and twelve days after pollination and vitamin E content was also confirmed for analyzed cultivars grown in the field conditions (r = 0.85*). vitamin E, tocols, tocopherols, HPPD, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, gene activity, spring barley Vliv kombinace bobu a hrachu na parametry užitkovosti brojlerových kuřatKratochvílová, P., Křížová, Š., Zeman, L. Abstract Influence of two varieties of peas and faba bean on performance was observed in grow experiment. Varieties of legumes were different in antinutritive factors levels. ZEKON (peas) and MISTRAL (faba bean) are low tannin varieties, GOTIK (peas) and MERKUR (faba bean) are traditional varieties with high level of antinutritive substances. Experiment was finished in 40 days of age. There were used 900 broilers allotted to 9 groups (100 animals in group). Peas and faba bean was dose to feed mixture on level adequate to 30 g of crude protein per kilogram of feed mixture, the rest of crude protein needed in feed mixture was covered by soya bean meal. The best results in final weight achieved group with GOTIK (2476.7 +- 270.8 g), the second was group ZEKON (2456.7 +- 247.2 g), than Mistral in combination with peas (2454.7 +- 268.5 g), MERKUR (2416.9 +- 266.1 g), ZEKON in combination with faba bean (2410,7 +- 297.8 g) and MISTRAL group achieved 2405.6 +- 336.4 g of final weight. The rest of groups was belong 2400 g of body weight: control group 2370.1 +- 249.2 g, GOTIK in combination with peas 2302.9 +- 253.1 g and the worst result had group MERKUR in combination with peas (2258.8 +- 259.4 g). The differences were significant. broiler, performance, faba bean, peas, poultry nutrition Využití harvestorových technologií těžby dříví v procesně orientovaném prostředí (anglicky)Máchal, P., Bartoš, L. Abstract Harvester technologies of timber logging currently represent the high spot of technologies used in forestry for timber harvesting and forwarding. A typical feature of the "harvester-- forwarder" combination is production rate, which is many times higher than in the commonly used technology of "power chainsaw--tractor" (Lukáč, T., 2005). Other major features prevailing in harvester technologies include an appreciably high level of work hygiene and a significant reduction of environmental burden, which is certainly beneficial for the environment. Harvester technologies of timber logging are currently an integral part of sustainable forest management. This paper focuses on finding options for the application of harvester technologies in selected entities based on the analysis of selected factors that can be greatly affected by the technologies. harvester technologies, harvester, forwarder, process model, process Možnosti využití analýzy cen při rozhodování o nasazení harvestorové technologie v lesnictví (anglicky)Bartoš, L., Máchal, P., Skoupý, A. Abstract The concept of harvester technology is understood as a fully mechanized harvesting technology for the purpose of timber logging, which means timber handling, extraction and forwarding or skidding. This complete harvesting technology consists of two different assignments of accommodated, specialized logging machines -- harvester and forwarder. This timber harvesting technology currently represents a state-of-the-art technology in logging and transport of timber in forestry. This is because the efficiency of the "harvester and forwarder" combination is several times higher than that of the commonly used technology of "power saw and tractor" (Lukáč, T., 2005). Other important elements that prevail with harvester technologies are a not negligible and high degree of labour hygiene as well as a significant decrease of environmental load influencing the environment. This paper analyzes prices of works related to timber harvesting and skidding in the selected forest stands of concerned workplaces. harvester technologies, harvester, forwarder, price of service Význam procesního modelování pro Školní zemědělský podnik Žabčice MZLU v Brně (anglicky)Máchal, P. Abstract The University Agriculture Enterprise (UAE) Žabčice is part of the Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry (MUAF) in Brno and its basic mission is to provide targeted activities for the MUAF in Brno. The UAE Žabčice is unique and quite specific agricultural entity in the Czech Republic, which has been meeting its mission more than 80 years. This fact makes it necessary to cover all processes necessary for the firm to make them more effective, where appropriate, a radical change. The aim of the work is to create a key process "Crop Production in the UAE Žabčice of the MUAF in Brno using the software tool Enterprise Architect, with the assignment of documents to a particular activity. Creating a process model of crop production, presented in this work, indicating the links with other processes, with the allocation of existing documents, it may serve the UAE Žabčice management to implement effective changes, where appropriate, to the fundamental restructuring of internal processes. process model, reengineering business processes, key process, software tool, Enterprise Architect Chování vybraných stolních tuků při dynamickém zatěžování (anglicky)Nedomová, Š. Abstract The new method of the evaluation of the mechanical behaviour of fats has been designed. This method is based on the evaluation of the fat response to dynamic loading. Dynamic loading has been realized by fall of bar impact. Response function has been represented by the time history of the fat surface displacement. Response of the tested table fats have been evaluated both in the time and frequency domain. Two factors affected rheology of the examined fat products: temperature of the measurement and product origin. The influence of fat content can be described namely in the frequency domain. The results obtained between 14 and 20 °C showed significant differences in the fat rigidity. table fat, rheology, dynamic loading, surface displacement, spectral function Odezva Eidamu na nedestruktivní ráz (anglicky)Nedomová, Š. Abstract The behaviour of the Edam cheese during its maturation under dynamic loading has been studied. The block of tested cheese has been loaded by the impact of an aluminium bar. The force between bar and cheese has been recorded. The surface displacements as well as the surface velocities have been obtained at the different points from the point of the bar impact using of the laser vibrometers. Response functions have been evaluated both in the time and frequency domains. It has been found that the degree of the cheese maturity is well characterized by the attenuation of the surface displacement maximum. This maturation is also described by the maximum of the impact force. The spectral analysis of the response functions revealed that there was a dominant frequency, which depends only on the degree of the cheese maturity. The developed method represents a promising procedure for the continuous recording of the cheese ripening. Edam cheese, maturation, non-destructive impact Odezva bramborových hlíz na rázové zatěžování (anglicky)Nedomová, Š. Abstract The response of tubers of nine varieties of potatoes to the bar impact have been evaluated. The proposed method enables to obtain force -- time record. The response function is represented by the time history of the surface displacement. This function has been recorded using laser vibrometer technique. The main features of the force and displacement function have been found both in the time and frequency domain. It has been found that given method can be used for the detection of the potato tubers damage origin as well as for the differentiation among different varieties of the potatoes. There is also a chance to evaluate the main mechanical characteristics of the potato tubers by non -- destructive way. potato tuber, impact loading, frequency analysis, tuber damage Celkový obsah uhlíku a kvalita humusových látek u vybraných subtypů kambizemí (anglicky)Petrášová, V., Martinec, J., Pospíšilová, Ľ. Abstract Cambisols cover an estimated 45% of agricultural soils in the Czech Republic. We aimed our work at stabile forms of organic carbon and humic substances quality in Cambisols under different types of soil management (grassland and arable soil). Object of our study were the following subtypes of Cambisols: Eutric Cambisol (locality Vatín -- arable soil), Eutric Cambisol (locality Vatín -- grassland), Haplic Cambisol (locality Náměšť n/Oslavou -- arable soil), Leptic Cambisol (locality Ocmanice -- grassland), Haplic Cambisol (locality Nové Město na Moravě -- arable soil), Haplic Cambisol (locality Přemyslov -- Tři Kameny -- grassland), Arenic Cambisol (locality Pocoucov -- arable soil), Dystric Cambisol (locality Sněžné -- arable soil), Dystric Cambisol (locality Velká Skrovnice -- arable soil), Dystric Cambisol (locality Vojnův Městec -- arable soil). Non-destructive spectroscopic methods such as UV-VIS spectroscopy, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) and 13C NMR spectroscopy for humic substances (HS) quality assessment were used. Total organic carbon (TOC) content was determined by oxidimetric titration. Fractionation of HS was made by short fractionation method. Isolation of pure humic acids (HA) preparation was made according to the standard IHSS method. Results showed that TOC and humus content varied from 2.70 % (grassland) to 1.3 % (arable soil). Average HS sum was 8.4 mg / kg in grassland and 6.4 mg / kg in arable soil. Average HA sum was 3.6 mg / kg in grassland and 3 mg / kg in arable soil. Fulvic acids (FA) content was 4.7 mg / kg in grassland and 3.7 mg / kg in arable soil. HS quality was low and very similar for all studied samples. HA/FA ratio low (< 1). HS absorbance in UV-VIS spectral range was low and similar in all studied samples. Higher absorption in this spectral range was closely connected with higher HS content. Also in 2D-synchronous fluorescence scan spectra similar shape of spectral lines was detected. Relative fluorescence intensity strongly depended on HA and FA content. Five main fluorescence peaks for HA and FA presence at lex./ lem.: 468/488, 482/502, 450/470, 376/396, 340/360 at constant difference of ∆l=20 nm were measured. 13C NMR spectra of HA isolated from Eutric Cambisol showed low aromaticity degree and high content of aliphatic moieties. HA were young (= less aromatic compounds in HA molecule) and no differences in HA structure were detected to compare arable soil and grassland. humus fractionation, UV-VIS, SFS and 13CNMR spectroscopy, Cambisols Možnosti využití hyperelastických materiálových modelů v numerické analýze lisování dřevotřískového koberceSebera, V., Tippner, J. Abstract The main goal of the work was to evaluate a possibility of using various hyperelastic material models implemented into ANSYS computational system for the numerical analysis of wood-strand mat pressing or wood-based composites. Subsequently, the most suitable hyperelastic model was used as a material model in compression simulation. Pressing itself was modelled as a contact transient analysis with wood-strand mat being defined as a homogenous and isotropic continuum with the chosen material model. In the analysis only displacement degrees of freedom are considered. Output of the simulation is a contact pressure, which is necessary to apply to compress the mat on the required height. The analysis serves as a take-off platform for further research in wood-based composites pressing process. hyperelasticity, wood-strand mat, finite element method, compression Teplotní závislost kinematické viskozity různých druhů motorových olejů (anglicky)Severa, L., Havlíček, M., Kumbár, V. Abstract The objective of this study is to measure how the viscosity of engine oil changes with temperature. Six different commercially distributed engine oils (primarily intended for motorcycle engines) of 10W--40 viscosity grade have been evaluated. Four of the oils were of synthetic type, two of semi--synthetic type. All oils have been assumed to be Newtonian fluids, thus flow curves have not been determined. Oils have been cooled to below zero temperatures and under controlled temperature regulation, kinematic viscosity (mm2 / s) have been measured in the range of −5 °C and +115 °C. Anton Paar digital viscometer with concentric cylinders geometry has been used. In accordance with expected behavior, kinematic viscosity of all oils was decreasing with increasing temperature. Viscosity was found to be independent on oil's density. Temperature dependence has been modeled using several mathematical models -- Vogel equation, Arrhenius equation, polynomial, and Gaussian equation. The best match between experimental and computed data has been achieved for Gaussian equation (R2 = 0.9993). Knowledge of viscosity behavior of an engine oil as a function of its temperature is of great importance, especially when considering running efficiency and performance of combustion engines. Proposed models can be used for description and prediction of rheological behavior of engine oils. engine oil, kinematic viscosity, modeling Ovlivnění kvality školkařských výpěstků pomocí půdních kondicionérů (anglicky)Sloup, J., Salaš, P. Abstract In 2006, a field trial was established in two localities. The first one was in Lednice (district Břeclav) at the experimental plot of the Department of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Plants, the second one in Stařeč (district Třebíč). As model plants, Acer pseudoplatanus and Quercus robur were used. TerraCottem, Agrosil LR and Hydrogel were tested as soil conditioners. Both species were planted in each locality. The plants were planted out on plots with soil conditioners mentioned above in 4 variants (including the Control variant without soil conditioners) and in 3 replications. Physiological parameters of plants were followed in the course of growing season using special equipment, viz. Porometer AP 4 (stomatal conductivity), SunScan AT (PAR) and Chlorophyllmeter CCM 200 (chlorophyll content index -- CCI). Morphological parameters (i.e. length of shoots and dry mass of leafs) were measured to the end of the growing season. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using the program Statgraphics Plus. The best results were obtained in the variant with the soil conditioner Hydrogel. The soil conditioners showed a significant effect on both morphological and physiological parameters of experimental plants. Soil conditioners under study eliminated the influence of abiotic stressors on Acer pseudoplatanus and Quercus robur. woody plants, soil conditioners, nursery produce, abiotic stressors Vztahy mezi stádem, plemenem, věkem beranů, hustotou jejich spermatu a motilitou spermií během testu přežitelnosti (anglicky)Štolc, L., Stádník, L., Ježková, A., Louda, F. Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effect of herd, breed, the age of rams, their semen density, and the type of diluter used on sperm motility during a survival test. The total level of sperm activity of 49 rams was evaluated. A statistically significant effect of the herd, breed, the age of the rams, and the density of their semen on sperm motility after 30, 60, and 90 minutes was determined. Significant differences among herds were detected in the level of sperm activity after 90 minutes of the survival test only, P < 0.05. A significant difference (P < 0.05) between breeds was determined only in the case of sperm activity after 60 minutes of the test. Higher sperm motility during the entire survival test was detected in Bohemia Forest rams. A non-significant difference (P > 0.05) was found in the sperm activity in relation to the age of the rams. Sperm survival during the test significantly differed in relation to sperm density before diluting (P < 0.05). No significant differences among diluters used were confirmed. Relationships among sperm activity before and after diluting and during the entire survival test were confirmed by significant Pearson's correlation coefficients (P < 0.001). ram, herd, breed, sperm motility, thermal survival test, sperm density, diluter Využití metody založené na měření odrazivosti záření ke stanovení citlivosti vybraných hybridů kukuřice k herbicidu callisto 480 SC + Atplus 463Vondra, M., Smutný, V. Abstract The application of methods based on measurements of photosynthesis efficiency is now more and more popular and used not only for the evaluation of the efficiency of herbicides but also for the estimation of their phytotoxicity to the cultivated crop. These methods enable to determine also differences in the sensitivity of cultivars and/or hybrids to individual herbicides. The advantage of these methods consists above all in the speed and accuracy of measuring. In a field experiment, the sensitivity of several selected grain maize hybrids (EDENSTAR, NK AROBASE, NK LUGAN, LG 33.30 and NK THERMO) to the herbicide CALLISTO 480 SC + ATPLUS 463 was tested for a period of three years. The sensitivity to a registered dose of 0.25 l . ha−1 + 0.5 % was measured by means of the apparatus PS1 meter, which could measure the reflected radiation. Measurements of sensitivity of hybrids were performed on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 8th day after the application of the tested herbicide, i.e. in the growing stage of the 3rd--5th leaf. Plant material was harvested using a small-plot combine harvester SAMPO 2010. Samples were weighed and converted to the yield with 15 % of moisture in grain DM. The obtained three-year results did not demonstrate differences in sensitivity of tested hybrids to the registered dose of the herbicide CALLISTO 480 SC + ATPLUS 463 (i.e. 0.25 l . ha−1 + 0,5 %). Recorded results indicated that for the majority of tested hybrids the most critical were the 4th and the 5th day after the application; on these days the average PS1 values were the highest at all. In years 2005 and 2007, none of the tested hybrids exceeded the limit value 15 (which indicated a certain decrease in the efficiency of photosynthesis). Although in 2006 three of tested hybrids showed a certain decrease in photosynthetic activity (i.e. EDENSTAR and NK AROBASE on the 3rd day and NK LUGAN on the 2nd--4th day after the application), no visual symptoms of damage of plants were found out. It could be concluded that the herbicide CALLISTO 480 SC + ATPLUS 463 (when applied in the registered dose of 0.25 l . ha−1 + 0.5 %) did not damage hybrids under study and did not show any statistically significant effect on the grain yield. This means that the manufacturer's statement that this herbicide, if applied in the registered dose of 0.25 l . ha−1 + 0.5 %, is very tolerant to grain maize seedlings in the growth stage of 3--5 leafs, was correct. The most suitable date of measurements of differences in sensitivity to and/or potential phytotoxicity of the preparation CALLISTO 480 SC + ATPLUS 463 seemed to be the fourth day after the application because the measured average PS1 values were the highest in all hybrids under study. When evaluating the pooled three-year yields of grain (converted to 15% of moisture content) by means of variance analysis, a statistically significant effect of the year and the hybrid on the grain yield was found out. On the other hand, however, there was no statistically significant difference in the grain yield between control and the variant treated with the registered dose of the herbicide CALLISTO 480 SC + ATPLUS 463, i.e. 12.08 t . ha‑1 and11.50 t . ha−1, respectively (grain moisture content 15%). When comparing pooled three-year yields of all hybrids under study, there were statistically significant differences between yields of the hybrid NK THERMO on the one hand and hybrids EDENSTAR and NK AROBASE on the other. grain maize, PS1 meter, herbicides, plant sensitivity Vztah mezi vybranými klimatickými prvky uvnitř a vně stáje dojnic v průběhu rokuWalterová, L., Šarovská, L., Falta, D., Chládek, G. Abstract The objective of the present study was to evaluate the relation between some climate parameters inside and outside the stable in the course of the year. Investigations were carried out from 1 July 2007 to 30 June 2008 at the School Farm in Žabčice. We monitored the following micro-climate parameters: temperature (°C), relative humidity (%) and the temperature-humidity index (THI) inside and outside the stable. We used the statistical programme UNISTAT version 5.1.11 to calculate the average monthly temperatures, relative humidity and the THI inside and outside the stable. Measurements carried out throughout the whole year revealed that the average daily outdoor temperature was always lower than the temperature monitored inside the stable. The differences between the outdoor and indoor temperatures were more marked in winter; in summer the differences were considerably lower. The coefficient correlations confirmed this finding; the temperatures were the highest in July and the lowest in autumn and winter. The same results and tendencies were monitored in terms of the average daily THI values. Much like the temperatures also the differences in high average daily values of relative humidity between the outside and inside environment of the stable were lower. Since the relative humidity was higher in winter than in summer the differences between the indoor and outdoor stable values were more marked in summer than in winter. In contrast to the temperature and THI, in one half of the cases the average daily relative humidity was higher outside the stable than inside and vice versa. temperature, relative humidity, THI, climate, micro-climate, dairy cows Hodnocení kvality jatečně upravených těl prasat v České republiceKučera, B., Jůzl, M., Ingr, I. Abstract In 1973 was proclaimed the Hybridization program within pig breeding in Czechoslovakia. It was aimed at improving better pork quality and increasing higher nutrition value through meat specialization hybrids. Duroc, Hampshire, Pietrain and Landrace breeds were using in hybridization. Proclaiming the new form meat commercializing of pigs should to ensure better interest of breeders on producing meat specialized hybrids. This form was initiated in EEC since 1985 and Czechoslovakia was prepared to ensure authorized grading assessment methods slaughter-pigs. Since March 2004 the Czech Republic is a member state of the European Union with harmonized legislation similir to EU legislature. New instruments as FOM, Ultra-FOM, ZP and HGP 4 were purchased. There SEUROP system were established. Submitted study observes quality development slaughtering pigs since the nineties to present. Pork quality was increased more rapidly than expected and in 2007 was reached the estimated level in 2010. Examples of grading methods in monitored periods is mentioned and particular effects commented. the lean-meat content, carcases, grading methods |