Acta Universitatis - Content of 5/2004

Obsah

 
KADLEC, J.: Biological waste by-production costs in forest management and possibilities for their reduction.
Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 5, pp. 7-12
 
Biological wastes in forestry were observed from view of their by-production in silvicultural and logging
operations. There were identified points where biological waste was produced in this paper, waste costs ratio
for silvicultural and logging operations and were made suggestions for reduction of these costs. Biological
waste costs give 34,4% of total costs of silvicultural operations and 30% of total costs of logging operations.
Natural regeneration and minor forest produce operations are opportunities for reduction of these costs.
 
biological waste, costs, natural regeneration, minor forest produce

TRNKA, M.: Estimates of daily global solar radiation based on the daily temperature extremes and
precipitation sums. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 5, pp. 13-28
 
 Two methods for estimating daily global solar radiation (RG) based on the daily temperature extremes and
precipitation sum are compared in the study. All parameters necessary for application of both methods were
derived either from literature or from climatic characteristics easily available at the given meteorological
stations excluding need for measured RG data. The performance of both methods was assessed with a help of
meteorological database including 4 stations in the Czech Republic (data were provided by the Czech
Hydrometeorological Institute) and 6 in Austria (data provided by the Austrian Weather Service) containing
in total 41 640 observational day. For each day in the database observed daily sum of RG, daily maximum and
minimum temperatures and precipitation sum were available. Coefficient of determination, slope of
regression line forced through origin, mean bias error (MBE) and root mean square error (RMSE) were used
as performance indicators. The first method proposed by Winslow et al. (2001) -- Eq. (1) is capable to explain
86% of daily RG variability, with systematic error represented by MBE equaling to 0.19 MJ.m--2.day-- 1 and
random error indicated by RMSE reaching up to 3.09. The second method published by Thornton and
Running (1999)-Eq. (2) was found to be in almost all parameters inferior to the Eq. (1) and thus the Eq. (1) is
recommended to be used in the Central European region (up to 600 m above the sea level). This method
might be recommended for stations where neither measured RG or sunshine duration hours exist. However,
one should take into consideration that relative MBE and RMSE are in some months higher than 10% and
30% respectively, which may compromise results of subsequent calculations made with use of estimated solar
radiation data and alter the order of the method suitability.
 
global solar radiation, empirical models

DUBEC, J., KŘEN, J., PROCHÁZKOVÁ, B., DRYŠLOVÁ, T., DOVRTĚL, J.: Comparison of humus
balance methods in relation with yields of monoculture spring barley. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel.
Brun., 2004, LII, No. 5, pp. 29-40
 
Long term stationary field experiments with continuous spring barley were conducted in the maize-growing
region on heavy gleic fluvisol from 1974 to 2002. Two variants of straw management (straw harvested and
incorporated into soil), two variants of soil tillage (conventional plough tillage to 0.22 m, shallow disc tillage
to 0.12--0.15 m) and three variants of fertilization (30, 60 and 90 kg. N ha--1) were studied. The results of
organic matter balance in the examinated period according to particular methods were related to trends of real
humus content which is presented in Cox in particular experiment variants. The examinated method by
LEITHOLD et al. (1997), used in model Repro, answers most accurate in given conditions according to
hypothesys defined in scientific literature. On the base of this result we can confirm significancy of the result.
Other verification of method is appropriate for its using in real conditions in context of agricultural
sustainability assesment.
 
spring barley, straw management, soil tillage, organic matter, humus balance, grain yield, Repro

SLÁDEK, L., ČECHOVÁ, M., MIKULE, V.: An influence of lean meat kontent on a kontent of
intramuscular fat in MLLT of tested hybrid pigs. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 5,
pp. 41-46
 
The aim of the study was to evaluate a content of intramuscular fat in musculus longissimus lumborum et
thoracis (MLLT) of tested carcass pig hybrids (two combinations of multi-breed commercial hybridization) --
(CLW x L) x (D x H) (n = 50) and (BU x L) x D (n = 43).
Determined values of a content of intramuscular fat of each combination were noted according to sex and
according to group of sort in SEUROP system (% of lean meat). High conclusive difference (P0,01) was
found in measured values of IMT between combinations (CLW x L) x (D x H) (3,39%) and (CLW x L) x D
(2,69%). Small difference was determined between sex in both combinations -- gilts showed higher values of
IMT content contrary to hogs. 
The highest measured value of IMT content (3,29%) was reached in combination (CLW x L) x (D x H) in
class E, the lowest average value (2,48%) was reached in class S. In class U (R) was determined a content of
IMT on a level of 2,56% (3,08%). 
The highest measured value of IMT content (3,10%) was reached in combination (CLW x L) x D in class S,
the lowest average value (2,58%) was reached in class E. In class U (R) was determined a content of IMT on
a level of 2,83% (2,67%). 
Statistical conclusive (P0,05) low negative correlation (r = --0,2107) was determined between % IMT and a 
lean meat percentage. Low negative correlation (r = --0,1359) was determined between % IMT and muscle
depth. 
Low positive correlation (r = 0,1658) was determined between % IMT and back fat thickness. 
 
content of lean meat, intramuscular fat, carcass hybrid 

OBRŠLÍK, J.: Anthropogenical influences in the underground of the Ždánice forest. Acta univ. agric. et
silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 5, pp. 47-60
 
On the basis of the pedological research in the years 1962 and 2003 were found following results: in the
underground of the Ždánice forest descended the appearance of chernozem from 64% to 39%. From the full
measure. From that measure there is only 10.2% of haplic chernozem and 28.8% of eroded chernozem.
Further there descended rapidly the appearence of orthic luvisol from 21.6% to just 0.6% of glyic fluvisoils
from 14.4% to 9.2%. Three new soils types were registred in the year 2003: colluvial - soils 8% , antropic-
soils 8.9% and pararendzin (calcavic regosol) 34.3%. On the basis of the comparison of aerial photos from the
year 1971 with present state there resulted ascent of erosive damage the soil surface from 52.5% to 72.4% in
the presend. Development prognosis: there will further descend the sum of haplic chernozem, will ascend the
area of eroded chernozem, further will ascend the percentage of loessy regosol the ground and of antropic-
soils. The greatest ascend we can await at the para - rendzins (calcavic regosols). At the majority of the soils
types there will descend the quality and qvantity of humus particles. 
 
gradvated antropic erosion, antropic - soils and colluviall - soils haracteristics, the change of the soil surface
of the landscape, height range changes , evolution tendences

PŘÍVĚTIVÁ, L., STERHNO, P., PUTNOVÁ, L., DVOŘÁK, J.: Identification of the species and individual
animals in the processed meat products by PCR -- based analyses. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun.,
2004, LII, No. 5, pp. 61-72
 
The aim of the work was to establish and optimize the molecular-genetic methods, which could be used in the
Laboratory of Applied Molecular Genetics (LAMGen) at the Department of Genetics MZLU Brno for the
monitoring of food products safety.
During the work, the methods of PCR reactions for the detection of cattle, porcine and chicken tissues were
optimized and the presence of declared tissues in meat products from the markets was proved. Throughout the
identification of individuals in the meat mixture products (after the different technological interventions), we
were able to confirm the presence of the concrete head of animal. When accumulating several individuals in
the meat mixture, allele composition is more numerous and variable. In this case, it can happen that the
alleles, responding to the individual DNA profile, could be found even if a specific individual is not
physically present in the mixture. In the meat products, made from animals with available results of fragment
analysis, we confirmed the presence of microsatellite alleles corresponding to the specific individuals' data
logging. On the other hand, in the products, containing tissues from the animals without available results of
fragment analysis, it was in addition possible to identify the microsatellite alleles, which missed in output data
logging of analyzed animals. 
We concluded, that in the meat products, made from the mixture of large number of animals, the presence of
the specific individual can be only excluded, not confirmed. 
 
DNA, Identification, pig, cattle, chicken, meat

SIMEONOVOVÁ, J., BUCHAR, J.: On the identification of the eggshell elastic properties under quasistatic
compression. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 5, pp. 73-82
 
The problem of the identification of the elastic properties of eggshell, i.e. the evaluation of the Young`s
modulus and Poisson`s ratio is solved. The eggshell is considered as a rotational shell. The experiments on the
egg compression under quasistatic loading have been conducted. During these experiments a strain on the
eggshell surface has been recorded. By the mutual comparison between experimental and theoretical values of
strains the influence of the elastic constants has been demonstrated. 
 
eggshell, elastic shell theory, strain, elastic constants, compression

DEJMAL, A.: Methodology of scanning and measuring the prong test samples. Acta univ. agric. et silvic.
Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 5, pp. 83-90
 
The proposal of scanning and digitizing of prong test samples used for casehardening of wood is provided.
The measurement of magnitude and stress state of residual stresses is usually done by prong test samples.
Recently the numerical approach of given problem is more and more applied. To verify the credibility of the
model, the comparison with factual specimen is needed. Therefore, the optimal methodological approach and
process of specimen digitizing is out of demand. There are two means how to scan the samples, (1) using the
analogical camera or (2) scanner. Both means has bean tested. The results of scanning actual prong test
samples show that application of scanner gives us more satisfactory outputs.
 
wood, lumber, drying quality, drying stress, prong test

SEDLÁK, P., BAUER, F.: Evaluation of traction properties of tractors in a roller testing station. Acta univ.
agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 5, pp. 91-100
 
The aim of this study was to analyse pulling and slipping parameters of tractors on the base of performed
pulling tests and to develop general mathematic formulas suitable for the evaluation of pulling properties of
tractors of different types in a roller testing station. For these measurements a JOHN DEERE 7820 tractor was
used. Pulling characteristics of this tractor were measured in the roller testing station, which was equipped
with a dynamometer VDU E270T-E150T. This paper presents results of such tests and enables to estimate
with a good degree of accuracy and statistical significance final parameters of pulling properties of tractors.
Final pulling parameters of tractors of different types can be estimated for arbitrary values of slippage. The
derived relationships presented in this paper enable to evaluate pulling properties of tractors in a roller testing
station with the same reliability as those defined for standard curves of slippage. The technical equipment of
this roller testing station with four dynamometers enables to measure independently driving forces, slippage
and speed of each wheel. In this testing station it is possible to evaluate pulling properties of tractors under
changing load and to estimate pulling and slipping parameters of a concrete type of tractor.
 
tractor, roller testing station, pulling characteristic, driving force, slippage

DOLEŽAL, P., DOLEŽAL, J., ZEMAN, L.: The effect of yeast culture addition on utility of calves. Acta
univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 5, pp. 101-106
 
In the present study, examined was the effect of a yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Strain 47) on
performance (especially on daily gains, feed conversion and condition) in an experiment with a group of
Holstein calves within the period of plant nutrition. Animals received a diet consisting of 3 kg of good maize
silage, 5.5 kg of grass haylage, 1 kg of meadow hay and 1.6 kg of supplementary starter feed mixture ČOT B.
The yeast culture was added to the starter in the dose of 1 g.kg--1. This means that each experimental calf
received 1.6 g of yeast culture per day. The supplement of yeast culture showed a positive effect on daily
gains and on the final body weight of calves; however, the differences were statistically not significant
(P>0.05). In control and experimental groups, the mean conversion rates of concentrate were 2.19 kg and
2.13 kg, respectively. There was no difference in feed intake and feed conversion efficiency. The difference in
final live body weights of calves in the control and experimental groups was also not significant. However,
the condition of calves in the experimental group was much better and the scours were in general less
frequent. 
 
calves, yeast culture, saccharomyces cerevisiae, calves feeding, liveweight gain, conversion nutrients

CHLÁDEK, G., ŽIŽLAVSKÝ, J.: Comparison of meat performance of Montbeliarde and Czech Pied bulls
fattened to live weight of 680 kg. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 5, pp. 107-114
 
Czech Pied bulls (C, n=18) and Montbeliarde bulls (M, n=18) were fattened up to the live weight of 680 kg in
identical conditions with the aim to compare their meat performance. Mean values of the observed meat
performance characteristics were as follows: slaughter weight 682.1 kg, age at slaughter 593.8 days, daily
weight gain 1.088 kg, carcass weight 378.2 kg, net weight gain 0.640 kg, dressing percentage 55.4%, weight
of hide 59.3 kg, weight of head and tongue 20.6 kg, weight and proportion of kidney fat 14.9 kg and 2.18%,
carcass conformation score 3.06, carcass fatness score 2.20 and weight of the right side of carcass 185.9 kg.
The weight and proportion of some parts of the right side of carcass were as follows: forequarter 84.1 kg and
45.2%, hindquarter 101.8 kg and 54.8%, total weight of meat 145.5 kg and 78.2%, bones 35.0 kg and 18.9%,
separable fat 3.87 kg and 2.08% and hindquarter to forequarter ratio 1.21. Montbeliarde bulls showed a 
significantly greater (P<0.01) daily weight gain (by 0.107 kg) and net weight gain (by 0.065 kg) and a 
significantly lower (P<0.01) age at slaughter (by 63.5 days) and weight of head and tongue (by 1 kg), greater
(P<0.05) carcass conformation score (by 0.34), hindquarter proportion (by 1%) and hindquarter to forequarter
ratio (by 0.05) and a lower (P<0.05) forequarter proportion (by 1%). 
Our results showed higher growth rate in Montbeliarde bulls; also, their further growth potential was higher
than in Czech Pied bulls. The rest of the observed characteristics of meat performance, including carcass
composition, were similar in both breeds and were not negatively affected by a high slaughter weight. 
 
Czech Pied cattle, Montbeliarde, beef, meat performance, carcass value

PIPALOVÁ, S., PROCHÁZKOVÁ, J., EHRENBERGEROVÁ, J., VACULOVÁ, K.: Verification of nutritive
value and hypocholesterolemic effect of spring barley lines in rats. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun.,
2004, LII, No. 5, pp. 123-130
 
The aim of a growth model experiment in laboratory rats was to check the nutritive value of the set of newly
bred spring barley lines with different grain characteristics. The followed set contained feed type hulless lines
bred in the Agricultural Research Institute Kroměříž , Ltd. KM1771 (1), KM 1057 (2), food type hulless lines
KM 2082 (3), KM 2092 (4), KM 2062 (5) and lines formed on the basis of crossing with food donors of a 
waxy endosperm type -- hulless line Wabet x Washonubet (6), hulled line Wabet x Krona (7) and Wabet x
Kompakt (8). The line Kompakt x Krona (9) and the malting variety Nordus were used as a control (10). 
The best results of an average daily gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (9.19 g; 2.29) were achieved by
feeding the line KM 1057 (2), conversely, the worst by feeding food barley of the waxy type (average daily
gain in animals of experimental group 6 was only 8.01 g and FCR 2.54). This material also had the highest -
glucan content (7.1 %) out of the followed set. The lowest -glucan content was detected in the sample 9
(3.88 %). Linear dependence between intake of -glucans (x) and cholesterol content in rat's blood (y) was: y =
-0.0591x + 3.8102, R2 = 0.4681. The found dependence was statistically highly significant (P<0.01).
The highest values of digestibility coefficients of crude protein (75.96 %) and crude fibre (49.63 %) were
measured in animals in a group 2, on the contrary the lowest digestibility of crude fibre (31.10 %), fat
(56.96 %) and ash (45.65 %) was exhibited by a control group 10. Differences in digestibility of all followed
nutrients after the 14th day and at the end (28th day) of the experiment were observed (crude protein
digestibility was lower by 5.65 %, ash digestibility by 11.47 %, fibre by 10.85 % and fat by 3.75 %).
It was confirmed that the tested waxy lines exhibited hypocholesterolemic effect; we, however, do not
recommend them for feeding of monogastric animals due to high -glucan content, reduced intake of mixture
and impaired feed conversion. 
 
barley, -glucans, hypocholesterolemic effect, growth, rat

ŠMÍDA, Z.: Entrepreneurial subjects in forestry and data mining from accounting data in the Czech
Republic. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 5, pp. 131-146
 
Forests owned by the state in the Czech Republic are managed by Forests of the Czech Republic, state enterprise
with its headquarters in Hradec Králové. The private companies (established during the economic reform in
1992 and privatization in 1994) carry out silvicultural and logging activities in state forests on the basis of
contracts. This study is focused on forest enterprises (contractors); the current situation of business environment
in the Czech Republic was studied. There have been found 38 236 fo-
restry entrepreneurs in the Czech Republic, and divided according to legal title, to numbers of employees onto
groups on the basis of size and availability of their accounting data in the first part of the article. 
The second part deals with data mining from accounting by a process known as a Financial statement
analysis, which has to make an informed decision for owners or managers of the enterprise. Ratio analysis is
regarded as the basic methodical instrument of financial analysis. Ratio analysis effectively summarizes
multiple financial statement categories into few relative indices of performance and financial position. It is
powerful method for managing with the complexity and volume data presented in financial statements. The
relative indices converse financial statement categories into measures and it helps control for differences
across companies and across time. This article contains chosen forestry contractors and describes the most
useful economic indicators (ratios) and takes into account possible utilization in the sector generally. 
 
forestry, sorting, databases, contractors, financial statements, ratio analysis

HÁLEK, V.: Application of the system of water erosion control measures in growths of special cultivations.
Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 5, pp. 147-154
 
The aim of the study is to select an optimal variant of the system of water erosion control measures. The water
erosion issue was observed and evaluated in 15 blocks of special cultivations-vineyards and orchards. These
blocks are situated in the managed area of the join-stock company PATRIA Kobylí. At first the average long-
term loss of soil with the influence of water erosion is calculated. The universal Wischmeier-Smith equation
is used for this purpose. If the calculated loss of soil exceeds the permissible value, the erosion control
measures have to be suggested. The optimal variant has been selected on the bases of the evaluation of several
kinds of measures in each block. This variant follows first of all the erosion control efficiency, but also
demands on production as well as slope accessibility for mechanization, expensiveness and some negative
sides of suggested measures. The suggested system of water erosion control measures contributes to
increasing of soil fertility and production ability with the respect to landscape management and environmental
protection.
 
soil, water erosion, erosion control measures

RYBNÍČEK, M.: Dendrochronological analysis of the roof of the Nanebevzetí Panny Marie and Sv. Ondřeje
church in Staré Hobzí. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 5, pp. 155-168
 
The work deals with dendrochronological analysis of the roof truss of parish church in the locality of Stare
Hobzi. The dendrochronological analysis gave an integrated view on a complicated development of this
building and it helped us to restore the succession of building adjustments performed on this building. The
work is also to introduce the dendrochronology branch to people who participate on or direct perform
building-historical research and to show them that it could be an essential helper in their work.
 
dendrochronology, truss, spruce, fir, church, Staré Hobzí