Acta Universitatis - Content of 4/2004

Obsah

HŘIVNA, L., HURTOVÁ, L., GÁLOVÁ, J.: The impact of nitrogen and sulphur fertiliying on the share of
proteinous fractions in winter wheat. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 4, pp. 7-16
 
The impact of fertilizing containing combination of nitrogen and sulphur on the N-substances contain in grain
and the share of particular proteinous fractions of wheat of Samanta species was researched within the small-
allotment trials in years 2000--2001. It has been proved that application of nitrogen together with sulphur
positively influenced the sum of extracted N-substances. In both trial years the increase reached the average
variant in relative comparison 3,83--3,8%. While in the first trial year the impact of sulphur was stronger
when the share of nitrogen was bigger (increase 6,7%) the next year there was opposite trend and the increase
of N-substances contain was higher with lower share of N and S (5,77%). While in 2000 the share of albumin
in grain varied, in 2001 it had decreasing trend as the share of nitrogen increased. Trial year had the strongest
impact on the content of globulin, prolamin and glutein in wheat grain.
 
nitrogen, sulphur, proteins, proteinous fractions

LAŠTŮVKA, A., LAŠTŮVKA, Z.: Stigmella stettinensis (Heinemann), an overlooked species of the
Stigmella oxyacanthella-group (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae) in Europe. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel.
Brun., 2004, LII, No. 4, pp. 17-24
 
Stigmella stettinensis (Heinemann, 1871) is separated from a widely distributed Stigmella minusculella
(Herrich-Schäffer, 1855) -- a miner of pear-tree. The two species differ in colouration, in number of antennal
segments and in some genitalia structures. The caterpillar of Stigmella stettinensis mines also leaves of Pyrus
spp. Important characters are figured, problems of nomenclature are discussed, neotypes of the both taxa are
fixed. 
 
Stigmella, Pyrus, Europe

TENORA, F.: Notes to Mesocestoides Vaillant, 1863 (Cestoda) and findings of Mesocestoides sp. parasitizing
Canis familiaris (Carnivora) in the Czech Republic. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No.
4, pp. 25-34
 
The partial critical analysis of the situation in systematic-taxonomic arrangement of tapeworms from the
genus Mesocestoides Vaillant, 1863 was performed. The attention is drawn to a number of problems
preventing the uniform opinion on the species value within the genus Mesocestoides. The own material of that
genus from Canis familiaris (gravid segments of cestodes from dog faeces, locality of Jílmoví, southern
Moravia) is presented. The study is an appropriate complement to the abstract published by Borkovcová and
Tenora (2003).
 
Mesocestoides, Cestoda, taxonomy, Carnivora, dog

ŠEFROVÁ, H.: Changes of coleopteran pests in agricultural, horticultural and ornamental plants during the
20th century. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 4, pp. 35-46
 
Results of an analysis of coleopteran pests in agricultural, horticultural and ornamental plants during the 20th
century are given. About 115 Coleoptera taxa were registered as pests of these plants (1.9% of all species
known in the Czech Republic). Of these ca 20-25 species caused regular and important and other 40 species
occasional and local damages. The remaining (ca 50-55) species appeared to be economically nearly or quite
irrelevant. Only small changes in the composition of important coleopteran pests were registered during the
century. 
 
Coleoptera, pests, Czech Republic

POZDÍŠEK, J., GRÉZLOVÁ, M., DIVIŠOVÁ, P., BJELKA, M., HORÁKOVÁ, E., VACÁTKO, E.:
Comparison of base life manifests of bulls and oxen in winter and summer period with exercise of pasture.
Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 4, pp. 47-58
 
In study are results of bulls and oxen ethology monitoring (witch were 24 h) in 2002 -- 2003. Basic
manifestations were monitoring: standing, laying, feeding and moving. Strong difference was shown in social
activity of groups in winter period (when were cattle in stable) -- 18 contacts per a day for bulls vs. 7 contacts
per a day for oxen. There were not marked different in social activity between bulls and oxen in summer
monitoring (when were cattle on pasture). Other life manifests were comparable in both groups.
In dependence of lower frequency of oxen social activity (in time when cattle are in limited place in stable)
are oxen more tolerant to breeding technology. There is less number of aggressive behaviour in oxen also.
 
ethology of bulls and oxen, pasture, fattening

GRYC, V., HOLAN, J.: Influence of position within the tree stem according to growth-ring width of spruce
(Picea Abies /L./ KARST.) with compression wood. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No.
4, pp. 59-72
 
The work was focused on problematics of annual-rings width according to position within the tree stem.
Annual-ring widths, ratio of late wood and early wood by spruce with compression wood were investigated.
Statistically significant differencies of individual zones in tree were occured. Zone of compression wood
showed bigger width of annual-rings, common occurence of late wood and higher percentual ratio of late
wood. Obtained results agree with common results in literature. Variability of annual-ring width according to
position within the tree stem was confirmed. Width of annual-ring was changed mainly according to radius of
stem. In height position within the stem no more significant variability of annual-ring width was observed. 
 
spruce, annual-ring, width of annual-ring, compression wood

HOLAN, J., GRYC, V.: The variability of pulp-wood basic specific gravity of softwood. Mendel. Brun., 2004,
LII, No. 4, pp. 73-82
 
In the present study, basic density of pulpwood of Norway spruce (Piceas abies /L./ Karst.) and Scots pine
(Pinus sylvestris L.) was investigated. The variability of basic density and factors applied are out of concern.
Factors are characterised by localization along the log, growing conditions defined by geographic area of
Czech Republic, diameter of log, and the storing of logs within transport loading. Basic density was
determined on cores taken by modified Pressler borer in the radial direction from bark to pith. The average
basic density of Norway spruce is comparable to Scots pine, as well as the variation coefficient. Basic density
of Norway spruce was found 443 kg.m-3 (Vx = 13,9%) where as the Scots pine base density was 450 kg.m-3
(Vx = 15,5%). Basic density was significantly influenced by all factors assessed except the localization of
cores along logs. The investigation  demonstrated that basic density can be affected by locality of supply in
comparison to within logs variability that have much lower importance.
 
basic density, round-wood poles, Norway spruce, Scots pine

SEDLÁK, P., BAUER, F., KOPA, T.: Factors influencing economic aspects of operation of tractor machines
aggregations. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 4, pp. 83-90
 
An appropriate additional load of driving wheels is very important for an efficient use of engine output. This
additional load influences significantly the driving momentum and, thus, the pulling efficiency of the tractor.
This pulling force is dependent on adhesion forces influencing the driving wheels and it can be said that the
higher this adhesion force (i. e. the higher additional load), the higher the adhesion force and the higher the
engine output. In this paper the authors present results of measurements of the pulling characteristics on a 
roller dynamometer. The measurements were performed in two variants, viz. (i) with additional loading only
when using the basic load and (ii) with an additional load simulating the load of a plough. The measured
parameters demonstrated that the additional loading either increased the tractor's pulling strength or reduced
the slippage of wheels. The increase in the pulling strength was manifested especially when using lower
gears. The obtained results documented the importance of additional loading. 
From the practical point of view this additional load influenced above all operation with attached or pulled
machines. If the regulatory systems of tractor's three-point suspension are correctly used, it is possible to
transfer automatically a part of machine weight to the driving wheels and to increase the tractor's pulling
strength. A graphical presentation of obtained results (i. e. without and with the additional load can provide
quite concrete output values, which document the economic advantages resulting from a correct selection of
tractor's operational mode.
 
pulling efficiency, pulling characteristic, speciific fuel consumption, Addison force

POVOLNÝ, D., HULA, V.: On an invasion of the flesh-fly Liosarcophaga aegyptica (Salem, 1935) into
Central Europe with the discovery of Helicophagella verstraeteni (Lehrer, 1975) in East Slovakia (Diptera,
Sarcophagidae). Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 4, pp. 91-102
 
The invasion of the subtropical flesh-fly Liosarcophaga aegyptica (Salem, 1935) into South Moravia was
observed during late summer 2003. This African insect was known to occur in the maritime habitats of the
Black Sea and after World War II sporadically also in eastern Hungary, southern Slovakia and Lower Austria.
Its population density increased in the Danube Basin and the first flies were also captured in South Moravia
during late summer 2003. Elementary analyses revealed that this flesh-fly prefers habitats with high species
diversity and important species similarity and that it might become sedentary in this territory. The flesh-fly
Helicophagella verstraeteni (Lehrer, 1975) accompanying very dry and warm habitats of Romania, Hungary
and France was discovered in a similar habitat of eastern Slovakia and is new to the fauna of Central Europe.
Results of single linkage analyses in communities with Liosarcophaga aegyptica are presented together with
the figures of the male genitalia of the two species of flesh-flies treated.
 
flesh-flies, Sarcophagidae, Ponticomediterranean element, ecology

MINAÍKOVÁ, S., ŽIŽLAVSKÝ, J.: Phenotypic manifestations of milk efficiency of cows from embryo
transfer. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 4, pp. 103-110
 
The effect of embryo donors and recipients of on milk efficiency of their female offsprings from
embryotransfer was followed. Heifers and cows of Czech Spotted Breed were used as a embryo donors and
recipients. The selected characteristics of milk efficiency -- the quantity of milk (kg), the quantity of proteins
(kg) and content of proteins (%) were analysed by using of variation-statistical methods and analysis of
variance (programme Statistica, version 6.0) by the donors (31), recipients (74) and their daughters (74) from
embryotransfer. These selected characterictics were analysed in the 1st and in the maximal lactations. Milk
efficiency of the recipients was the lowest in the 1st and maximal lactation; the recipients produced 4991,4 kg,
and/or 6082,86 kg of milk and 174,79 kg, and/or 213,5 kg of protein; however, this differences were
significant (P < 0,05 and P < 0,01). The protein content in % in milk of recipients was 3,45% in the 1st and
maximal lactation; i. e. 0,05% more protein (insignificant difference), and/or 0,13% more protein than the
donors (significant difference, P < 0,05). Milk efficiency was the highest in the offspring in the 1st and
maximal lactation; the daughters from ET produced 938,5 kg, and/or 1804,7 kg of milk more (P < 0,01),
41,28 kg, and/or 67,32 kg of protein more (P < 0,01), and 0,14% (P < 0,01), and/or 0,11% (P < 0,01) of
protein more than the recipients, and 305,48 kg, and/or 823,26 kg of milk more (P > 0,05), 0,19%, and/or
0,24% of protein more (P < 0,01) and 28,55 kg of protein more (P > 0,05) in the maximal lactation than the
donors. In the 1st lactation the daughters from ET produced 2,58 kg less protein than the donors; however, this
difference was insignificant (P > 0,05). There was found the effect of donors was significant on milk
efficiency of their daughters and the effect of recipients was no significant on milk efficiency of their female
offsprings from embryotransfer. There was found too that already the milk efficiency from first lactations
could be using for selection of embryo donors.
 
cattle, embryo transfer, donors, recipients, offspring from embryo transfer, milk efficiency

ŠTENCL, J., KOMPRDA, T.: Water activity changes of multicomponent food mixture during processing.
Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 4, pp. 111-118
 
Water activity of multicomponent food mixture was analysed and measured. Samples of dry fermented
sausages with two different starter cultures (Pediococcus pentosaceus + Staphylococcus carnosus and
Staphylococcus carnosus + Staphylococcus xylosus + Lactobacillus farciminis) were tested during ripening
(21 days) and storing (91 days). The basic raw materials were the same for all samples: lean beef meat, lean
pork and pork fat in equal parts, nitrite salt mixture (2.5 %), and sugars (1.0 %). The method used for water
activity tests was indirect manometric in a static environment. Moisture content of samples was measured
using halogen dryer. The course of water activity and moisture content of sausages was variable during
ripening and steady during storage. Diagrams showed gradual decrease of both parameters. Mathematical
models of water activity and moisture content for storage of dry fermented sausages were developed and
statistically verified. The influence of starter cultures was not significant. 
 
modeling, moisture content, ripening, sausage, storage, temperature

ZAJÍCOVÁ, P., KUCHTÍK, J.: Dynamics of changes in some selected components of sheep milk in the course
of lactation. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 4, pp. 119-124
 
The objective of our study was to evaluate dynamics of changes in contents of some components of sheep
milk, viz. dry matter (DM), fat (F), true protein (TP), casein (C), whey protein (WP) and lactose (L).
Estimations were carried out using milk samples originating from 20 ewes (crosses of Eastfriesian and
Improved Valachian breeds). All ewes under study were on the first lactation. Altogether six milk samplings
were carried out, viz. on Days 46, 74, 102, 132, 162 and 190 of lactation. The average contents of DM, F, P,
C, WP and L ranged, in dependence on the day of lactation, from 16.66 to 19.98%; 5.45 to 7.70%; 5.24 to
6.64%; 3.95 to 5.08%; 1.21 to 1.57% and 4.78 to 5.13%, respectively. Average contents of milk components
mentioned above per lactation were as follows: 18.5%; 6.44%; 5.93%; 4.53%; 1.40% and 4.99%,
respectively. Statistically significant differences between individual subsequent samplings were found in case
of DM and F (between Days 132 and 162) as well as of TP (between Days 74 and 102; 102. and 132 and 132
and 162, resp.). The analysis of correlations existing between some components of sheep milk revealed that
statistically highly significant (P  0.001) positive correlations existed between contents of DM and F, DM and
TP and F and TP.
 
sheep milk, stage of lactation, milk composition

ŽALUD Z.: Climate change scenarios related to the winter wheat yields. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel.
Brun., 2004, LII, No. 4, pp. 125-136
 
Impact of climate change on winter wheat yields using crop growth model has been tested in this study.
Simulated results show that: (1) Wheat yields tend in general to increase (40 out of 42 applied climate change
scenarios) on most locations in range between 7.5--25.3% in all three time periods. In case of CCSR scenario
that predicts the most severe increase of air temperature yields would be reduced by 9.6% in 2050 and by
25.8% if the A2 emission scenario would become reality. Differences between individual scenarios are large
and statistically significant and especially for the more distant time periods may lead to doubts about the trend
of the yield shifts. (2) Site effect upon the final quantity of climate change impact of winter wheat yield was
caused mainly by site-specific differences in the present soil and climatic conditions. Specific importance of
site increases with increasing severity of imposed climatic changes and culminates for emission scenario A2
and time period 2100. The sustained tendencies benefiting two warmest sites has been found as well as betters
response to the change climatic conditions of sites with deeper soil profiles than those with less suitable soil
conditions.
 
crop model, emission scenario, phenology and yield evaluation, simulation 

FILIP, Z., KUBÁT, J.: Microbial processing of humic acids extracted from soils of a long-term field trial.
Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 4, pp. 137-146
 
Humic acids (HA) extracted with alkali from non-fertilized and fertilized (NPK + organic manure) soils of
field trials established 45 years ago were exposed to activities of a mixed population of indigenous soil
microorganisms in the laboratory. The individual cultures were kept on a rotary shaker for 21 days (aerobic
conditions) or left standing for 12 months (semi-aerobic conditions) in order to determine the utilization of
HA as nutrients, and possible HA structural transformations. In a full-strength nutrient broth HA positively
affected the yields of microbial biomass, that, however, was strongly diminished if HA served as the only
sources of carbon and nitrogen. In contrary, the utilization of HA was up to 47.3% under semi-aerobic
conditions in cultures deficient in easy utilizable sources of carbon (glucose). No substantial differences were
observed in the microbial processing of HA from non-fertilized or fertilized soils. Usually, microbial
activities resulted in elemental and structural transformations of HA. Aliphatic structural units were
preferably utilized as determined by FT-IR spectroscopy, while aromatic structures became rather
dominating. Conclusively, independent of the type of microbial processing, HA from soils of a long-term
field trial showed rather low resistance to microbial activities, and perhaps they should not account for a 
resistant fraction of the soil organic matter.
 
soil organic matter, humic acids, microbial utilization, microbial transformation

SUKOP, I.: Zooplankton and zoobenthos of national natural monument Pastvisko (Pasture land). Acta univ.
agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 4, pp. 149-158
 
In the year 2002 the seasonal dynamic of zooplankton and zoobenthos in six localities of the national natural
monument Pastvisko was observed. The localities belong to the lower Podyjí region, wetlands of international
importance. This area was included to Ramsar convention in 1993. Pastvisko is a significant ornithological
locality. Besides of birds are represented here also rare water plants as arrowhead (Sagittaria sagittifolia),
bladderwort (Utricularia australis), water meal (Wolffia arrhiza), rare water invertebrates for example leech
(Hirudo medicinalis), dragonfly (Epitheca bimaculata), water beetle (Hydrophilus piceus). The aim of the
study was to evaluace the species composition of zooplankton and zoobenthos and a seasonal dynamic of
these animal communities. Zooplankton samples were collected by water net (mesh 45µm), zoobenthos
samples were collected by sieve (mesh 0,5 mm).
 
zooplankton, zoobenthos, species composition, seasonal dynamic, national natural monument Pastvisko

ŘEZNÍČEK, V., SALAŠ, P.: Gene pool of less widely spread fruit tree species. Acta univ. agric. et silvic.
Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 4, pp. 159-168
 
Within the gene pool collected at the Department of Breeding and Propagation of Garden Plants of the
Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno, in Lednice we established
experimental plots with some selected less known tree species - quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.), sea
buckthorn (Hippophäe rhamnoides L.), Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) and honeysuckle (Lonicera
caerulea subsp. edulis Turcy. ex Freyn.). The experimental plots were established in successive steps
according to the availability of planting material and using conventional methods of cultivation. Evaluations
are focused on selected growth parameters, phenology and commercial use of the fruit.
The evaluations of the crown of quince showed differences in the size and shape. The variety Hemus had the
largest crown volume (5.70 m3); the variety Blanár gave the highest harvest yields. The sea buckthorn
varieties Polmix, Dar Katuni and Novos Altaja produced the longest increments. The average weight of the
fruit of the variety Leicora was 0.74 g. The varieties of Cornelian cherry also differed in the growth
parameters; the highest shrubs were those of the variety Vyšegorodskij, which also produced the largest fruit
-- the average weight of the fruit was 4.85 g. The initial growth of selected varieties and genotypes of
honeysuckle is different when compared to the fruit-bearing shrubs. Harvest data are in direct proportion to
the size of the shrub. Fruit harvest began in mid-May and vegetation ended on 15 October.
 
unconventional fruit species, quince, sea buckthorn, Cornelian cherry, honeysuckle, bilberries of Kamchatka

VAVRÍK, H., GRYC, V.: The methodology of making microscopical preparations of wood. Acta univ. agric.
et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 4, pp. 169-176
 
In this paper, there are discussed methods of making woody tissues microscopical preparations and making its
microslides. There are described common methods of preparation of wood blocks, sectioning of woody
tissues, staining and mounting. The differences of making wood sections and non-lignified plant sections are
highlighted. The authors recommendate the fast methodology of making quality microslides of wood sections
based on their own experiences.
 
wood, microslides, microscopical preparations, methods