Acta Universitatis - Content of 3/2003

Obsah čísla 3/2003

Contents of 3/2003

Vliv pěti mezištěpení na dynamiku koncentrace mikroprvků meruňkové odrůdy Alexandar

T. Milosevic

Abstract

Over the period 1998-2000, investigations were conducted on the effect of different interstocks on average microelement concentration and dynamics of their change in the Alexandar cultivar leaf. The results have shown that concentration of copper was the highest in May and those of zinc, manganese, iron and boron in August and in September.

Vliv pěti mezištěpení na dynamiku obsahu makroprvků meruňkové odrůdy Alexandar

T. Milosevic

Abstract

Over the period 1998-2000, the effect on the dynamics and average contents of the most significant macroelements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) in the Alexandar cultivar leaf was investigated. The results have shown that the content of N was the highest in May, while those of P, K, Ca and Mg were optimal in September.

Validita panelu mikrosatelitů pro ověření paternity u plemen prasat v České republice

V. Dvořák, L. Putnová, J. Dvořák

Abstract

We present an efficient parentage control for pigs based on nine polymorphic microsatellite markers analyzed in a mutiplex PCR reaction. A total of 464 pigs from nucleus herds in Czech Republic were tested using panel of following microsatellites: S0107, SW840, SW72, TNFB, S0070, S0068, SW936, SW24 and SW353. Theoretical heterozygosity of the microsatellites ranged from 31 % (in SW840) to 87 % (in TNFB). Polymorphism information content was: S0068-61.67 %; S0107-82.66 %; SW24-77.35 %; SW840-28.94 %; SW353-58.41 %; SW936-67.92 %; S0070-83.04 %; SW72-72.47 % and TNFB-85.76 %. The value of combined exclusion probability (CEP 3) was 99.99 % in Large White; 99.97 % in Landrace; 99.83 % in Duroc; 99.98 % in Large White sire linie; 99.90 % in Pietrain and 99.99 % in Black Pied Prestice.

Analýza oděruvzdornosti překližovaných materiálů

P. Král, J. Hrázský

Abstract

Paper deals with results of research works oriented to problematic of the abrasion resistance of plywood. In major events the resistance of plates with phenolic surface foil against the abrasion is examined due DIN 53 799. The reason is the easy specification of the first point of abrasion and a simple calculation of the volume of abrasion. The leading matter of this method enlargement in the European dimensions is the historically strong economical and industrial potential of German manufactures and consumers in this branch. This potential seems to be a determinant in this field for other European countries. The proposal of the method of examination is elaborated in accordance with the norm DIN 53 799. The proposal is suplemented by the specimen taking method, the preparation of specimen for examination including its airconditioning. In accordance with the proposal mentioned above it was provided the measurement of selected constructions composed of overlaid plywoods of 150, 167 and 220 g·m^-2 weight. We have obtained data obout the resistance against the abrasion. Numerical values have to be given in accordance with standards determining their branch of use. The standards are indicators of the resistance against the abrasion specified in the CSN EN 438-1. Although this norm is dedicated for melaminformaldehyde foils, it appears to be the best for the comparsion, because marginal presentede values are conform with results of the measurement of the phenolic foils resistance.

Analýza odstraňování překážek mezinárodního obchodu v oboru stavebně truhlářské výroby v návaznosti na zkušební, technické a právní předpisy v Evropské unii

M. Helegda

helegda

The article describes progress in removing of technical barriers to trade of joinery production in accordance with the testing, technical and legal regulations of European Union, as well as information about the actual system in conformity assessment in Czech Republic. The article describes solving of problems resulting from enlargement of EU and also presents Czech legal harmonisation with EU legislation in the technical requirements for construction products. The aim of the work was to adapt the present systems conformity assessment to new legal requirements, set by Decree of Government No. 163/2002 with focus on joinery products, for example windows and doors. The proposed system also presumes the application of the prepared prEN 14351 for window and external door tests.

Vplyv agrobiologických opatrení - netkanej textílie a závlahy na dynamiku rastu zemolezu kamčatského (Lonicera ssp. Caeruleae)

J. Matuškovič, M. Miko

Abstract

In this work we studied the influence of unwowed mulching textile Pegas-Agro 50 Uv and drip irrigation system Katif on growth dynamics of edible species of honeysuckles Lonicera edulis (Turcz. ex Freyn) and Lonicera kamtschatica (Sevast.) Pojark.

Evaluated biological material was originated from generative propagation. Interactions of studied factors influenced differences in growth in different variants by different ways. The lowest growth increase of bushes (0,29m) was found by Lonicera edulis in variant with textile and without textile with irrigation since 1999 to 2001. The highest growth increase (0,34m) was recorded in variant without textile with irrigation. According to the statistical results of the tests a significant influence of agrobiological measures on growth of Lonicera edulis in studied period was not confirmed.

In experiment with Lonicera kamtschatica cultivar ”Gerda" the lowest growth increase of bushes (0,36m) was found in variant without textile and without irrigation. The highest growth increase of bushes (0,45m) was found in variant with textile mulching and with irrigation. This favourable influence was confirmed by statistical significant difference between variants 1-4 and 3-4 in year 2001. It was confirmed statistical highly significant difference in variant 1 between studied species. The study of growth in evaluated species is concurrently completed by evaluation of yield potential. All of the common results could help for selection of production types.

Vliv plemenné hodnoty masné užitkovosti býků na výsledky testu vlastní užitkovosti synů

J. Kučera

Abstract

The aim of the study was to judge the effect of breeding value of beef performance of the sires (expressed by relative breeding value of corrected net daily gain - RPH KNP) on the growth results of their sons during the test of own performance. In the test we observed the characteristics of the male offspring growth and type classification that they achieved, in the breeding sire facilities at the end of test period. The data set constituted 587 bulls, which lived in the breeding facility in the years 1999 to 2001. The bulls were divided into three groups. Group one consisted of the sons of sires without known RPH KNP (RPH 0), which are imported bulls without RPH KNP. Group two were the sons of sires with RPH KNP lower than 100 points (RPH low). Group three consisted of the sons of sires with RPH KNP higher than 100 points (RPH high).

The analysis of the growth rate included the daily weight gain in the test (from 111. to 365. days of age), daily gain since birth and the height at withers. The type characteristics of productive type, capacity and body conformation were also noted. The results confirmed the effect of the sires' RPH KNP on the majority of the parameters of their sons' performance. The offspring of the bulls with the high level of RPH KNP reached following net daily gain in the test: 1317.52 g; 1344.52 g and 1362.82 in the 1999, 2000 and 2001 year. Offspring of the C1 bulls showed significantly positive deviation on the daily weight gain in test: +32.17 g; +35.13 and + 13.14 g during the 1999, 2000 and 2001 year. Correlation between the RPH KNP and analyzed indicators of the offspring is low and ranged between - 0.0227 to 0.0621 .

Masná produkce stád krav plemene Limousin a Charolais nacházejících se v rozdílných klimatických podmínkách Polska

J. Makulska, A. Wglarz, P. Zapletal

Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate young beef production obtained from Limousine (LIM) and Charolaise (CHL) cows maintained on the farms located in south-eastern (Bieszczady Mountains) and north-western (Western Pomerania) parts of Poland. These regions differ distinctly in natural conditions, i.e. average annual temperature and rainfalls, length of a vegetation period, type of soils and quality of grasslands. Most calvings, in the studied herds, took place from late winter to early summer. During the grazing season (usually from May to October) the cows and calves remained in pastures all the time. Then the only feed for calves was mother's milk eventually supplemented with a small amount of concentrates. The calves were weaned from mothers at the age of 6-8 months. The average values of rearing characteristics were: birth weight (LIM 36 kg and CHL 42 kg), standardized on 210 days: body weight (245 kg and 253 kg - respectively) and daily gains of calves (995 g and 1000. g), milk production of suckler cows (1990 kg and 2030 kg), beef production per suckler cow (238 kg and 233 kg) and production efficiency (37 and 40%).

Stlačování měkkých a polotekutých potravin

J. Buchar, J. Simeonovová, I. Křivánek

Abstract

Specimens of commercial foods: mayonnaise of different fatness, grease, chocolate cream and four brands of paté were squeezed between Teflon coated parallel plates 80 mm in diameter using of TIRAtest testing machine. Recorded dependences force - specimen height have been converted to the log - log coordinates. This dependence exhibits a linear region where the flow is given by power law model. This squeezing flow regime has been reached at about 4 mm height. The relaxation tests indicate that the stress after 120 s is about 40 % of its initial value. The analysis of the experimental results in terms of different model of liquids, e.g. power law etc. led to the conclusion that the tested materials exhibit considerable structural integrity.

Závislost vlastností třískových desek a hustotního profilu

J. Hrázský, P. Král

Abstract

Head purposes work was analyzing density profile by the help of apparatus working on the basis Roentgen radiation and resulting findings value properties and dependence between adventitious average value density and value choice properties particleboard, whose values was evaluation on basis procedure given relevant standard for any surveyed properties.

In literary survey is presentation data, which are introduction in extensive special elaborates on subject density profile or characteristics particleboard. They are here explanation basic demand on structures turnings, turnings carpet and much by other factor affecting production density profile particleboard. Here are discourse about requirement and needs certain recontouring density profile as well as on his relations with property particleboard too. Density profile is one of the main characteristics particleboard, which influence large section physicals and mechanicals properties particleboard. Density profile however isn't only one conditions qualities particleboard.

Character process incident to work it is material, which was examined, obtaining specimens and incident to diagnosis individual property particleboard is described in chapter material methodology solution. Saw plan was processed according to conditions taking of samples given specification and his abidance for take-off of all specimens was basic condition credibility adventitious data. In individual exams surveyed properties particleboard swelling up 2 h, swelling up 24 h, absorbability up 2 h, absorbability up 24 h, density, moisture, bending strength along and perpendiculary an production flow, modulus of elasticity, tensile strength perpendiculary, be good for pursuant to valid harmonize CSN EN standards.

Implementation of the above was obtained results work. Analysis density profile has been findings, that particleboards manufactutred of prominent producer of particleboard in Czech Republic have sheer density profile, which agree with contemporary standard. Average values density with move at intervals worldwide average. It was findings that values density degression with growing thickness particleboard. It follows, that full report analysis density profile at productions particleboard good-class method based on Roentgen radiation can markedly helped at monitoring and proceedings technological process productions particleboard. Thanks analyses is possibility investigate with very accurately causes variation in density profile particleboard and prevent decrease qualities particleboard incurrence swing in technological process.

From research dependencies individual properties on density (average values from density profile) implication, that most expressive is dependence of tensile strength perpendiculary of particleboard and average values density, further then modulus of elasticity and average values density. Confirmation of the above findings, that density declines with progress thickness particleboard is and it, that was found largest dependence internal bond strength particleboard and thickness so modulus of elasticity and thickness. This is acknowledging findings extensive research that average density high influence some one properties particleboard, nominally in these work internal bond strength particleboard and modulus of elasticity.

Vliv počtu vrstev fólie na kvalitu fermentačního procesu zavadlé jetelotravní siláže v obalovaných kulatých balících

P. Doležal, P. Mareš

Abstract

The influence of the number of foil layers in ensilaged wilted clover-grass crops on the quality of fermentation processes was studied in a model experiment. Silage with 3 foil layers and 6 foil layers was prepared. Dry matter of the silaged clover-grass was higher than 400 g/kg. Silages were tested after 150 days of storage. Statistical differences were tested at the significant level (P<0.05). Sensorial quality of silages with different numbers of foil layers was compared.

The most intensive decrease (P<0.05) of pH value in silage was observed after application of 3 foil layers as compared with the variant of 6 layers (5.18 +- 0.13 vs 5.56 +-0.22). Statistical differences were also found between both variants in the titration acidity content (1123.1 +- 132.2 vs. 814.0 +- 69.9 mg KOH/100 g silage) and formol titration (0.15 +- 0.02 % vs. 0.10 +- 0.02 %) in favour of the silage wrapped with 3 foil layers. No butyric acid was determined in any variant of wilted silages. In both variants of wrapped silages, a reduced fermentation content was found. Between individual indices, no statistically significant (P>0.05) differences were ascertained. A mildly higher level of NH₃ was observed in the wrap pack silage with 3 foil layers (809.2 +- 223.2 mg of dry matter) in comparison with the variant silage wrapped with 6 foil layers (604.8 +- 97.6 mg of dry matter). Wrap silage with a higher number of foil layers had the highest level of ethanol (11.44 +- 6.57 % vs. 6.96 +- 2.90 %). The use of the wrap round big-bale technology in natural clover-grass herbage had a positive effect on the studied parameters of silage.

Masná užitkovost holštýnských volků vykrmovaných do živé hmotnosti 305-400 kg

G. Chládek, I. Ingr

Abstract

A group of 42 Holstein bullocks was fattened up to 300 kg - 400 kg of live weight. They were castrated using non-invasive Burdizzo tongs method at 4 months of age and fed diet based on crushed cereals. The data were analysed for the effect of a lower (L up to 359 kg) and higher (H above 360 kg) slaughter weight, and the effect of a lower (S up to 1.0 kg) and higher (T above 1.001 kg) daily weight gain on some parameters of meat performance. The mean values of the parameters were: slaughter weight 356.0 kg, age at slaughter 357.4 days, daily weight gain 1.046 kg, net weight gain 0.552 kg, duration of fattening 235.0 days, dressing percentage 51.8 %, carcass weight 184.5 kg, weight of the right side of carcass 91.0 kg, weight and proportion of kidney fat 4.6 kg and 2.5 %. Weight and proportion of some parts of the right side were as follows: forequarter 40.3 kg and 44.2 %, hindquarter 50.7 kg and 55.8 %, rib roast 3.8 kg and 4.2 %, neck 3.7 kg and 4.0 %, shoulder 5.9 kg and 6.5 %, rump 18.4 kg and 20.3 %, short loin 3.5 kg and 3.8 %, sirloin 1.21 kg and 1.34 %, shins 4.8 kg and 5.3 %, fat trim 3.8 kg and 4.1 %, muscle trim 11.3 kg and 12.4 %.

In H group (a higher slaughter weight by 29.6 kg), the following parameters were higher comparing to L group: age at slaughter (+53.3 days), duration of fattening (+56.2 days), carcass weight (+15.8 kg), weight of the right side of carcass (+7.8 kg), forequarter (+3.8 kg), hindquarter (+3.9 kg), rump (+1.3 kg) and short loin (+0.3 kg). In T group (a higher daily weight gain by 0.263 kg/head and day), the following parameters were significantly different from those of S group: age at slaughter (-83 days), duration of fattening (-67.6 days), net weight gain (+0.140 kg/head and day), weight of hindquarter (+0.6 kg), weight and proportion of kidney fat (+1.3 kg and +0.7 %), weight and proportion of rib roast (+0.8 kg and +0.8 %), weight and proportion short loin (+0.3 kg and +0.2 %), weight of neck (+0.5 kg) and shins (+0.6 kg).

Využití analýzy obrazu pro stanovení převodních čísel objemu dříví uloženého v hráních

J. Valenta, J. Neruda

Abstract

The paper deals with the method of determining values of conversion factors for assessing the volume of wood in stacks. The conversion factors are used in checking the amount of wood processed by harvesters. The basis of the method is a computer-based analysis of wood stack images made by a digital camera through the Lucia program. The area of butt and top ends does not have to be always a sufficient source to determine the volume of logs because the contour line of a log related to its form shows the form of a curve and not a line. Therefore, a dependence is looked for between the position of the log in a stem and the difference between the actual and measured volume of the log. The resultant value of a conversion factor is adjusted by the correction.

Výskyt bekyně zlatořitné (E. chrysorrhoea Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) v České republice

E. Hrudová, F. Muška

Abstract

Euproctis chrysorrhoea, L. is a very important pest in extensively cultivated orchards and of road alleys. We compare the occurrence of Euproctis chrysorrhoea L. in the individual districts of the Czech Republic during 1961- 2001. The places damaged are shown on the map (according to SRS - Prague / now the SPA / 1961 - 2001). Further damaged places within 2002 include South-Moravian districts, especially of Brno-city, around of Brno and the towns Břeclav, Blansko and Vyškov.

Komplexní hodnocení jakosti plužních čepelí a dlát

J. Horáček

Abstract

The paper presents a method of plough tests enable to determine a resistance against wear of plough shares in soil using evaluation based on comparison. There are estimated during the tests material decrements and unit operational costs. It was proved the most high resistance against wear of plough shares and chisels made through moulding process and with welded Castodur Diamonds Plates (CDP). It has shown that these plough shares and chisels are not suitable for sandy and stony soils and economics results are not good as well. Costs of plough shares and chisels rebuilding are increased by the CDP high price and high labour consumption. It looks better to determine a fitness of plough shares for different sort of soil at laboratory conditions.

Porovnání výkonnosti vítězů a umístěných v klasických dostizích S jejich výkonností v ročníku dvouletých

I. Jiskrová, S. Svobodová

Abstract

Comparisons between the performance of the winners and horses that got a good place in classical races and their performance in the races of two-year-old horses were based on the results of the 1980-2001 racing seasons. Our monitoring included 253 horses, the winners or those that were placed second and third in classical races in the Czech Republic. The results obtained at the age of two years in flat gallop races on racecourses of the A and B types were added to the results of the 3-year-old horses. The racing performance of the horses was expressed by two performance characteristics - General Handicap (GH) and Individual Performance Index (IDP) - determined from the sum of won subsidies. Pearson's correlation was calculated. The correlation coefficient for the GH was 0.1397, i.e. the GH values of two-year-old and 3-year-old horses were very close. This dependence was significant. The correlation coefficient for IDP was 0.3684 with a highly significant dependence.

Zplyňování biomasy v atmosférickém fluidním loži

Z. Aldorf, J. Ondráček

Abstract

Gasification of biomass is thermal conversion of solid biomass to a gaseous fuel. The producer gas can be used for various applications similar to natural gas. It can be burn in boiler furnaces, in thermal engines, or in gas turbines for heat and power generation (CHP). Experiments were successfully done with BIOFLUID fluidised-bed gasifier (AFB) for rape straw and shavings. It has been found through the experiments that the content of CH₄ and CO in the gas decreases as the gasification temperature increases in the range of temperatures investigated. As a result, the LHV of the gas is decreased. On the other hand, part of tar is cracked due to that high temperature. It appears that in order to gasify 1 kg of biomass at 820-860 ^oC approximately 1.2-1.4 m_n³ of air is needed. The relevant equivalence ratio is in the range of 0.28-0.35. The gas yield is about 2.2-2.4 m_n³/kg. Other saying, we can get 1.7-1.8 m_n³ of the gas with LHV of 4.5-5.5 MJ/m_n³ from 1 m_n³ of input air. Value 0.7 of average thermal efficiency, without utilization of sensible heat of the gas, is achieved. This figure can be improved by recycling char back into the reactor.

Toxokaróza psů v rurálních oblastech jižní Moravy

M. Borkovcová

Abstract

During the years 1998-2002 prevalence of dogs' endoparasites was tested in the rural areas of South Moravia, considering parasites of special zoonotic importance, especially Toxocara canis. Faecal samples of 522 adult dogs and 238 pups were examined by flotation and Baermann methods. The prevalence of T.canis found was 12.6 % in adult dogs and 23.9 % in pups. The material gathered was also used for detection of the prevalence of all other endoparasites of dogs. Component of our work was also an inquiry within the laymen to find whether they have any knowledge of anthropozoonoses and possibilities of their eradication.

Vliv připojení nesených pluhů na zatížení hnacích kol traktorů

F. Bauer, P. Sedlák

Abstract

The paper presents basic relationships and the algorithm for calculation of forces influencing the driving wheels of tractor in the course of ploughing. Its objective is to explain force effects of ploughing on tractor driving wheels. A different load of individual wheels as well as changes in the load of both axles result from the inclination of tractor and the force effects of plough. This influences significantly not only the driving effect of individual wheels but also the process of soil compaction. Field measurement were carried out on the farm Agroservis Višové (district Znojmo, Czech Republic) in sandy-loamy soil (mean humidity Wh 17 %, the measured specific resistance of the plough 69 kPa). All measurements were performed under identical conditions on a strip of the total length of 50 m. The size of the field was 60 ha. Before entering the measuring strip the tractor and its linkage could be modified in such a way that it was possible to follow the impact of different lengths of the upper draw bar on some parameters of the ploughing aggregate. During all measurements attention was paid to a proper adjustment of the plough. Measurements of forces influencing the tractor during the process of ploughing were performed by means of five tensometric sensors attached to draw bars of the three-point linkage and the pulling rope, respectively. The paper presents results of measurements demonstrating the load of driving wheels of a tractor with a revolving plough and with its left driving wheel in the furrow. Using the developed algorithm, the average values of measured forces were transformed into at first into the centre of gravity and, thereafter, to individual wheels and the front axle of tractor. Mean values of forces and momentums influencing the rear wheels and the front axle of tractor are tabulated. In the course of ploughing, the differences in the load of driving wheels and front axle result from the tractor inclination. However, it is also possible to influence the load of rear wheels through different manners of plough connection to the tractor three-point linkage. The described algorithm enables to evaluate output parameters of ploughing aggregates on the base of measurements of changing forces resulting from a different connection and adjustment of ploughs.