Acta Universitatis - Content of 2/2009

Obsah čísla 2/2009

Contents of 2/2009

Hodnocení dlouhodobých bilancí organických látek a jejich vztahy k obsahu organického C v půdách na okrese Ústí nad Orlicí (anglicky)

Dostál, J., Cerhanová, D., Hajzlerová, L., Martincová, J., Pospíšilová, P., Pokorný, E., Lošák, T.

Abstract
Dostál, J., Cerhanová, D., Hajzlerová, L., Martincová, J., Pospíšilová, P., Pokorný, E., Lošák, T.: Long -- term evalutation of the organic matter balance and its relations to the organic C content in the topsoils in Ústí nad Orlicí district. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2009, LVII, No. 2, pp. 13--24

Organic matter balance in the farms located in Ústí nad Orlicí district has been investigated since 1979. As a result, so called need of organic fertilisation, has been determined and the supply of the organic fertilisers to soils, e.g. farmyard manure, slurries and also straw and green manure has been monitored over the whole time period. About 45 % of the arable land area in the district has been monitored.

In addition to the organic matter balance, we determined several soil organic matter characteristics in soil samples (organic C, N and S contents, inert and decomposable C content, hot water soluble C content, hydrophobicity index calculated from the DRIFT spectrometry, available P, K, Ca and Mg contents and pH).

The relationships between the organic matter supply with supplemental sources organic fertilisers and all the selected soil organic matter characteristics were statistically significant. Significant correlations were also found for the relationships between the organic matter need and all the selected soil organic matter characteristics.

soil organic matter, farm fertilisers, organic fertilisers, agricultural systems

Odhad výnosu topolů na plantážích rychle rostoucích dřevin v rámci průběžných výsledků (anglicky)

Fajman, M., Palát, M., Sedlák, P.

Abstract
Fajman, M., Palát, M., Sedlák, P.: Estimation of the yield of poplars in plantations of fast-growing species within current results. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2009, LVII, No. 2, pp. 25--36

Current results are presented of allometric yield estimates of the poplar short rotation coppice. According to a literature review it is obvious that yield estimates, based on measurable quantities of a growing stand, depend not only on the selected tree specie or its clone, but also on the site location. The Jap-105 poplar clone (P. nigra x P. maximowiczii) allometric relations were analyzed by regression methods aimed at the creation of the yield estimation methodology at a testing site in Domanínek. Altogether, the twelve polynomial dependences of particular measured quantities approved the high empirical data conformity with the tested regression model (correlation index from 0.9033 to 0.9967). Within the forward stepwise regression, factors were selected, which explain best examined estimates of the total biomass DM; i.e. d.b.h. and stem height. Furthermore, the Kestemont's (1971) mo­del was verified with a satisfying conformity as well. Approving presented yield estimation methods, the presented models will be checked in a large-scale field trial.

yield estimation, allometric relations, regression analysis, short rotation coppice, poplar

Vybrané vlastnosti dřeva smrku pichlavého (Picea pungens Engelm.) z nelesních půd

Gryc, V., Vavrčík, H., Kotalík, O.

Abstract
Gryc, V., Vavrčík, H., Kotalík, O.: Selected properties of Blue spruce wood from non-forest land. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2009, LVII, No. 2, pp. 37--44

The aim of this work was to carry out a tree-ring analysis, to determine density, shrinkage and compressive strength parallel to the grain of Blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.) wood. Results of this work were specific due to the non-forest origin of the sample material that was from two solitaire trees. Tree ring analysis (determination of tree ring width and portion of latewood) was carried out on the transverse section of a stem that was taken at height of 0.3 m from the tree base. Wood properties were tested according to Czech technical standards.

Trees showed wide tree rings (5.65 mm) with a small portion of latewood (12.55 %). Oven dry wood density was 371.66 kg . m−3, overall volumetric shrinkage was 9.12 % and compressive strength parallel to the grain was 42.10 MPa. Due to the low age of trees results are valid for juvenile wood.

Wood properties were examined along the stem radius. Tree ring width was increasing to the age of 12th year subsequently it was constant. Tree ring width was constant along the entire stem radius. Wood density, overall volumetric shrinkage and compressive strength parallel to the grain were increasing in the direction from pith to bark.

blue spruce, ring width, density, shrinkage, strength along the grain

Srovnání metod šlechtění jetele lučního podle výnosu píce (anglicky)

Jalůvka, L., Dostál, V., Meyer, V., Bayle, B., Lapage, F., Chloupek, O.

Abstract
Jalůvka, L., Dostál, V., Meyer, V., Bayle, B., Lapage, F., Chloupek, O.: Comparison of breeding methods for forage yield in red clover. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2009, LVII, No. 2, pp. 45--52

Three methods of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) breeding for forage yield in two harvest years on locations in Bredelokke (Denmark), Hladké Životice (Czech Republic) and Les Alleuds (France) were compared.

Three types of 46 candivars1, developed by A) recurrent selection in subsequent generations (37 candivars, divided into early and late group), B) polycross progenies (4 candivars) and C) ge­no-phe­no­ty­pic selection (5 candivars) were compared. The trials were sown in 2005 and cut three times in 2006 and 2007; their evaluation is based primarily on total yield of dry matter. The candivars developed by polycross and geno-phenotypic selections gave significantly higher yields than candivars from the recurrent selection. However, the candivars developed by the methods B and C did not differ significantly. The candivars developed by these progressive methods were suitable for higher yielding and drier environment in Hladké Životice (where was the highest yield level even if averaged annual precipitation were lower by 73 and 113 mm in comparison to other locations, respectively); here was ave­ra­ge yield higher by 19 and 13% for B and C in comparison to A method. Highly significant interaction of the candivars with locations was found. It can be concluded that varieties specifically aimed to different locations by the methods B and C should be bred; also the parental entries should be selected there.

red clover, breeding methods, geno-phenotypic selection, half-sib families, polycross, interaction varieties x locations

Odhad vlastností dřeva pomocí zatlačování trnu s různým tvarem penetračního hrotu

Kloiber, M., Kotlínová, M., Tippner, J.

Abstract
Kloiber, M., Kotlínová, M., Tippner, J.: Estimation of wood properties using pin pushing in method with various shapes of the penetration pin. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2009, LVII, No. 2, pp. 53--60

The existing penetration methods for the identification of the density of wood that forms a part of structures do not make it possible to describe the density in the entire element profile but only on its surface. However, wood density changes throughout the profile which affects the accuracy of the density determination. The instruments used until now based on the principle of a pin shot into the material thus needed to be supplemented with a test during which the pin would be pushed at least to the centre of the measured element. Pins of 3 mm in diameter were manufactured with a special jig fastening them to a universal testing machine. Using the testing machine, the force required to push the pin in was measured at a constant travel speed. It has been found out that the mechanical work needed for the pin penetration correlates very well with the wood density determined in the surroundings of the place where the pin was pushed in.

wooden structures, wood density, diagnostic instruments, penetration method

Možnosti použití procesního modelování pro návrh systému procesů vysokoškolského ústavu (anglicky)

Máchal, P.

Abstract
Máchal, P.: Possibilities of application of process modelling when developing a proposal of the business process management system for a university department. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2009, LVII, No. 2, pp. 61--68

Today's global environment requires every sustained effort to outmatch both competition and innovation. Top organizations of all types -- governments, non-profit organizations, companies, institutions and universities try to solve the following difficult questions: How to improve standard of customer service and raise the productivity without concurrent growth of expense accounts. How to control risks and observe the rules without losses of entrepreneurial ( competition) benefits? How to stimulate all the employees to participate in innovation, development of new products and services, finding new markets and more efficient satisfaction of customers?

The paper deals with possibilities of procedural simulation both for the improvement and innovation of present processes, and for the formation of completely new trends of the Institute of Lifelong Education of Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno. An important condition for the design of procedural simulation is expert activity provided by highly professional experts or consultants in the field of education as well as in business matters.

process management, process, activities, subprocess, Business Process Reengineering, process mo­de­ling, SYCAT software

Polymorfismus mikrosatelitních markerů na 3H a 7H chromozomu u genotypů ječmene rezistentních a náchylných k Rhynchosporium secalis (anglicky)

Nevimová, H., Bednář, J., Vyhnánek, T.

Abstract
Nevimová, H., Bednář, J., Vyhnánek, T.: Polymorphism of microsatellite markers on chromosomes 3H and 7H in barley genotypes resistant and susceptible to Rhynchosporium secalis. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2009, LVII, No. 2, pp. 69--78

The objective of the present study was to explore the polymorphism of microsatellite markers localised on chromosomes 3H and 7H in 15 genotypes of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), spring form (2n = 2x = 14 chromosomes, genome HVHV) from the collection of genetic resources of the Agricultural Research Institute Kroměříž, Ltd. showing various degrees of susceptibility to Rhynchosporium secalis. The selection of SSR markers was based on hitherto achieved knowledge according to which the greatest amount of resistance genes against Rhynchosporium secalis is localised on chromosomes 3H and 7H of barley. We selected 33 SSR markers for the analyses; 17 were localised on chromosome 3H of barley and 16 on chromosome 7H. Out of the total 33 SSR markers, 32 were polymorphous and one mar­ker (Bmac0282) was monomorphic. In total we detected 172 alleles ranging between 101 and 235 bp; the average number of alleles per locus was 5.21. In terms of the polymorphism of the SSR markers localised on chromosomes 3H and 7H the highest polymorphism (60%) was detected in the Bmag0006 and Bmag0021 SSR markers; the lowest in the Bmag0877 and EBmac0713 markers, i.e. 20% and 13.3%, respectively. The average polymorphism based on analyses of 17 SSR markers on chromosome 3H was 37.6% and of 16 SSR markers on chromosome 7H was 31.3%. We also calculated the statistical indicators of the variability rate characteristics of the individual microsatellite markers: diversity index (DI) which ranged between 0.000 and 0.907 (on average 0.704); polymorphous information content (PIC) ranging between 0.000 and 0.906 (on average 0.679); and probability identity (PI) ranging between 0.006 and 1.000 (on average 0.137). On the basis of constructed dendrograms for SSR markers of both chromosomes together it was possible to divide the analysed set into cluster I of genotypes resistant and cluster II of genotypes susceptible and moderately susceptible to Rhynchosporium secalis, and was not possible in dendrograms of individual chromosomes.

polymorphism, microsatellite markers, resistance, Rhynchosporium secalis

Zhodnocení růstu, zmasilosti a protučnění in vivo u jehňat vybraných plemen a kříženců

Petr, R., Dobeš, I., Kuchtík, J.

Abstract
Petr, R., Dobeš, I., Kuchtík, J.: Evaluation of the growth, meatiness and fattiness in vivo in lambs of chosen breeds and crossbreeds. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2009, LVII, No. 2, pp. 79--86

The main aim of the study was the evaluation of the growth, meatiness and fattiness in vivo in lambs (n = 122) of chosen breeds (CH: Charollais and T: Texel) and crossbreeds (CH x Sf (Suffolk), CH x T, EF (East Friesiane) x CH and EF x T. Whithin the frame of this study were also evaluated the effects of sex (S), litter size (LS), age of the dams (AD) and year of the observation (YO) on aforementioned indicators. The study was carried out on the farm in Kunčice pod Ondřejníkem during the years 2004 and 2005. Within the scope of evaluation of meatiness and fattiness in vivo in lambs the following ultrasound measurement were carried out: area (Am.l.l.t., in cm2) and depth (Dm.l.l.t., in mm) of musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis (m.l.l.t.) and fat thickness (FT, in mm). Genotype had a significant effect on body weight at birth and on daily gains (DGs) from 30 to 100 days of age and from birth to 100 days of age. Sex had a significant effect on most of body weights under study and on DGs from birth to 30 days of age, from 30 to 70 days of age and from birth to 100 days of age. The LS, AD and YO had a significant effect on most of growth indicators under study. Genotype had a significant effect on Am.l.l.t. at the age of 70 days, Dm.l.l.t. and FT at the age of 100 days. The S had a significant effect on Dm.l.l.t. and Am.l.l.t. at the age of 70 days and on Am.l.l.t. at the age of 100 days. The LS and YO had a significant effect on most of indicators of meatiness and fattiness in vivo under study. On the other hand only the AD had not significant effect on all parameters of meatiness and fattiness.

lamb, growth, meatiness, fattiness, genotype, sex, litter size, age of dams, year of the observation

Dojivost, složení a kvalita ekologického mléka kříženek ovcí plemen lacaune, východofríská ovce a zušlechtěná valaška v průběhu laktace

Pokorná, M., Kuchtík, J., Šustová, K., Lužová, T, Filipčík, R.

Abstract
Pokorná, M., Kuchtík, J., Šustová, K., Lužová, T, Filipčík, R.: Milk yield, composition and qua­li­ty of organic milk of ewes crossbreeds of Lacaune, East Friesian and Improved Wallachian during lactation. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2009, LVII, No. 2, pp. 87--94

Evaluation of milk yield, composition and quality of organic milk of crossbreeds of Lacaune (L), East Friesian (EF) and Improved Wallachian (IW), (n = 10, L 50 EF 43.75 IW 6.25) during lactation was carried out on organic farm in Valašská Bystřice in 2007. All sheep were on the third lactation and during study they were reared on permanent pasture. The stage of lactation (SL) had a highly significant effect on milk yield (MY) and contents of total solids (TS), fat (F), protein (P), casein (C), lactose (L) and urea (U). The SL had also a highly significant effect on pH and titrable acidity (TA), whereas on rennet clotting time (RCT) the SL had a significant effect. On the other hand the SL had not a significant effect on somatic cell counts (SCC) and rennet curd quality (RCQ). The highest contents of TS, F and C were found at the end of the lactation, whereas their lowest contents were found on the 120th day. Between the second and the last sampling the lactose content decreased. The content of U and RCT were the most variable indicators whithin the frame of our study. On the other hand SCCs were, during the whole lactation, very well-balanced and relatively low. Between pH and SCC was found positive correlation. TA gradually increased and RCT gradually prolonged with advanced lactation.

organic sheep milk, milk yield, composition and quality of milk, stage of lactation, crossbreeds, Lacaune, East Friesian, Improved Wallachian

Vliv hnojení sírou na výnos a kvalitu semen hořčice bílé (anglicky)

Ryant, P.

Abstract
Ryant, P.: Effect of sulphur fertilisation on yield and quality of white mustard seeds. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2009, LVII, No. 2, pp. 95--104

The objective of the present study was to estimate the effect of different forms of sulphur on yields and qualitative parameters of white mustard seeds. This topic was studied in 2004 in the form of a pot trial in a vegetation hall and linked up with an identical experiment with spring wheat conducted in 2003. Besides the control variant not fertilised with sulphur (1) we fertilised the soil with elemental sulphur (2), ammonium sulphate (3) and gypsum (4) and applied foliar dressing of elemental sulphur with bentonite (5). For all variants the nitrogen dose was 0.9 g per pot (0.15 g . kg−1 of soil) and for va­riants 2 to 4 it was 1 g of sulphur per pot (0.17 g. kg−1 of soil). Foliar dressing of elemental sulphur (S0) was not applied until the stage of six true leaves in a dose of 10 kg per ha (0.032 g per pot).

Significantly higher yields of white mustard seeds were achieved after foliar application of S0 which can be also due to its fungicide action. The variants where gypsum was applied showed the highest average number of branches and pods and also straw yields. After gypsum fertilisation or foliar application of S0 the oil content in the mustard seeds exceeded 25%; this is the minimal content required for the production of good quality mustard. The 1000-seed weight was significantly higher after foliar application of S0. The proportion of seeds greyish on the surface, a sign of mildew, significantly decreased after fertilisation with all forms of sulphur, but most of all after foliar application of S0.

Fertilisation with ammonium sulphate reduced the exchangeable soil reaction after harvest. On the other hand gypsum alkalised the soil environment and increased the content of available calcium and water-soluble sulphur. The soil of the variant where foliar dressing of S0 was applied had a higher content of available calcium after harvest. The least amount of available sulphur and phosphorus in the soil was seen after foliar application of S0 signalising a more efficient uptake of nutrients from the soil for the production of seed yields and for the quality of the seeds.

white mustard, elemental sulphur, ammonium sulphate, gypsum, yields, quality

Výnosy vytrvalých trav v létě a na konci vegetačního období (anglicky)

Skládanka, J., Doležal, P., Hrabě, F., Šeda, J., Mikyska, F.

Abstract
Skládanka, J., Doležal, P., Hrabě, F., Šeda, J., Mikyska, F.: Yields of perennial grasses in the summer and at the end of the growing season. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2009, LVII, No. 2, pp. 105--114

The paper deals with the yields of Festulolium, Dactylis glomerata, Arrhenatherum elatius and Festulolium-Dactylis glomerata mixture during the growing season and at the end of the growing season. The yields were assessed in the Bohemian-Moravian upland at 560 m a.s.l. A small-plot experiment was established in three repetitions. The assessment was made in three subsequent years. The experiment was annually fertilized with 50 kg . ha−1 N, 30 kg . ha−1 P and 60 kg . ha−1 K. Evaluated were dry matter yields and RYT values (Relative Yield Total) in the mixture of Festulolium and Dactylis glomerata. In summer, the sward was used either for one cut (harvest in early June) or two cuts (harvests in early June and late July). At the end of the growing season, the stand was harvested in October or in November or in December. Yields of the first cut in early June ranged from 5.90 to 9.12 t . ha−1. Yields of the second cut in late July ranged from 1.05 to 4.60 t . ha−1. Statistic difference between the species was significant (P < 0.05) in the respective cuts. Total yields of dry matter in the growing season ranged from 7.51 to 10.05 t . ha−1. Number of cuts and year showed a statistically highly significant influence (P < 0.01) on DM yields. The mixture of Festulolium and Dactylis glomerata exhibited an additive relation (RYT = 1) in the first cut and an antagonistic relation (RYT < 1) in the second cut. At the end of the growing season, the yields ranged from 0.71 to 2.27 t . ha−1. Average yields of one-cut swards (harvested in summer in early June) were at the end of the growing season 2.27 t . ha−1 and average yields of two-cut swards (harvested in summer in early June and late July) were 0.79 t . ha−1. From October to December, the yields were decreasing from 1.78 to 1.32 t . ha−1. Species, number of cuts in summer, harvest date at the end of the growing season and year showed a statistically highly significant influence (P < 0.01) on dry matter yields. In the first two production years, the mixture of Festulolium and Dactylis glomerata exhi­bi­ted an antagonistic relation (RYT < 1) at the end of the growing season. In the third production year, the relation between Festulolium and Dactylis glomerata as expressed by the RYT value could be identified as synergic (RYT > 1).

Festulolium, Dactylis glomerata, Arrhenatherum elatius, dry matter yields, RYT

Bodová závlaha pro lokalitu Buchel na severu pouště Gobi v Mongolsku

Spitz, P., Filip, J.

Abstract
Spitz, P., Filip, J.: Point irrigation for locality Buchel in the north desert Gobi in Mongolia. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2009, LVII, No. 2, pp. 115--124

The design of point irrigation, created by Filip et al. (2007), was worked up as the bilateral projekt in the frame of abroad developing cooperation between the Czech Republic and Mongolia "Rehabilitation of plant production in semiarid territories of northern Gobi". The period of project realization are years 2006--2009. The responsible institution for the project is Ministery of Agriculture of the Czech Republic and with the realization of the project was encharged Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry in Brno. The task was work irrigation design for experimental plants and vegetables on the choosen land in Gobi desert in Mongolia. To disposition was underground water source -- bore with capacity about 2 l / s and temperature about 10 °C, electric power and land about area cca 1 ha. The condition was use simple irrigation equipment. The fundamental limitation was im­pos­si­bi­li­ty using technically more complex and more sophisticated equipment e.g. drip irrigation. The map was not to the disposition, only a judgment of slope 0,2 % in flat terrain. The technical design of surface and subsurface point irrigation are introduced, shortly described are hydrotechnical basis used to created and described the original PC program HYBOZAM (hydraulics of point irrigation for Mongolia) developed in table editor of Microsoft Excel for pipe dimensions of point irrigation design. Part of the program is also evaluation of the irrigation uniformity from outflows on irrigation line.

desert, bilateral project, surface point irrigation, subsurface point irrigation, underground water, hydraulics, PC program, HYBOZAM, irrigation uniformity, Excel

Fyzikálno-chemické vlastnosti medu z rôznych regiónov Slovenska (anglicky)

Sudzina, M., Melich, M., Kňazovická, V., Felšöciová, S., Kociubinski, G., Andreji, J., Pavličová, S., Kráčmar, S.

Abstract
Sudzina, M., Melich, M., Kňazovická, V., Felšöciová, S., Kociubinski, G., Andreji, J., Pavličová, S., Kráčmar, S.: Physicochemical characterization of natural honeys from different regions in Slovakia. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2009, LVII, No. 2, pp. 125--134

This study is intended to determine the physicochemical characteristics of Slovakian honeys, and compare them with specifications described in the Codex Alimentarius Standard, the European Ho­ney directive, the Slovak Codex Alimentarius and Slovak standard No. 1/2006. In addition, we tried to find out correlations between individual constituents of honeys. Physicochemical characterization was carried out following the harmonized methods dictated by the International Honey Commission IHC. Honey samples (n=50) were collected from three honey types (blossom, blends, honeydew), and from the three main Slovakian geographical regions (named 'east', 'middle' and 'west'). The phy­si­co­che­mi­cal evaluation included moisture, reduced sugars, proline, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), conductivity, diastase and invertase activity, pH and water activity, following the techniques proposed by the European Honey Commission (EHC). The moisture content in the honey varied from 15.26 to 17.65 %, HMF levels ranged from 21.83 to 63.00 mg . kg−1, the diastase activity varied from 21.01 DN to 36.67, invertase activity varied from 121.73 to 164.11 U . kg−1,the proline content varied from 426.56 to 531.79 mg . kg−1, the fructose content values were found from 36.33 to 40.20 g . 100g−1, the glucose content values ranged from 27.67 to 31.00 g . 100g−1, the values of saccharose content were from 0.15 to 0.37 g . 100g−1, the conductivity varied from 29.48 to 97.24 mS . cm−1, the pH value varied from 4.06 to 4.80 and the water activity content varied from 0.55 to 0.57. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were found between HMF and fructose, glucose and saccharose and conductivity and pH, significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) between fructose and glucose and significant differences (P ≤ 0.001) were found between HMF and conductivity. Between blossom honey and honeydew honey were found statistical significant differences in HMF (P ≤ 0.05) and conductivity between honeydew honey and blossom honey (P ≤ 0.001). Among regions were determined statistical differences between HMF and invertase (P ≤ 0.05) and conductivity (P ≤ 0.01).

Apis mellifera, Slovakia, honey quality, Codex Alimentarius, European Honey Commission

Kontaminácia kysličníkom uhoľnatým pri ťažbe a manipulácii dreva

Tajboš, J., Messingerová, V.

Abstract
Tajboš, J., Messingerová, V.: Carbon monoxide contamination by wood harvesting and processing. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2009, LVII, No. 2, pp. 135--144

Analysis of work environment contamination with carbon oxide by harvesting and wood processing with using of motomanually technology -- one-man chainsaw is presented in this paper. This activity belongs to categories of heavy up to very heavy works according to power consumption. Due to psychophysiological load is considered as dynamic work, combined with neuropsychical load by decisions about assortments and safe motion during harvesting and manipulation process.

Risk of carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication is inflicted his strong affinity to haemoglobin (Hb). Carbon monoxide produce with haemoglobin karboxyhemoglobin (COHb), whereby disable transmission of oxygen in form oxyhaemoglogin (OHb) from lungs to tissues. Binding of oxide carbon on haemoglobin is approximately two-hundred times stronger as with oxygen.

The measures was made with use of multichannel detector of gas and exhalation Drager X-am 7000 (Germany). Data about contamination was recording in one second intervals, with precision on 1 ppm. By harvesting and too by wood processing were realized three independent observation. Data were processing with standard mathematical-statistic methods -- sorting and ranking, regression analysis, test of average deuces and evaluation of frequency in classes.

contamination, wood harvesting wood processing carbon monoxide, chainsaw

Potravní spektrum krahujce obecného (Accipiter nisus L.) a poštolky obecné (Falco tinnunculus L.) v Chřibech (anglicky)

Tomešek, M., Čermák, P.

Abstract
Tomešek, M., Čermák, P.: The food spectrum of sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus L.) and kestrel (Falco tinnunculus L.) in the Chřiby Upland. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2009, LVII, No. 2, pp. 145--150

In 2006--2008, mapping the sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus L.) and kestrel(Falco tinnunculus L.) occurred in the SE part of the Chřiby Upland. At the same time, the food spectrum of these birds of prey was determined during nesting periods. The area under monitoring represented about 25--30 km2.

In each of the species, food was always monitored in a period from February to July at four nesting localities. The food spectrum was analysed by the direct observation of birds of prey, according to leftovers of food in the surroundings of nests and in nests of the predators. In Accipiter nisus, the food spectrum consisted of birds (85 %), mammals (3 %) and other animals (12 %). Turdus merula was the most frequent prey. In Falco tinnunculus, the food spectrum consisted of birds (18 %), mammals (76 %) and other animals (6 %). Microtus arvalis was unambiguously the most frequent prey.

Accipiter nisus, Falco tinnunculus, food spectrum

Vliv tvorby superplodných linií na velikost vrhu v rozmnožovacích chovech (anglicky)

Tvrdoň, Z., Humpolíček, P.

Abstract
Tvrdoň, Z., Humpolíček, P.: Impact if hyperprolific line of litter size in multiplication herd. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2009, LVII, No. 2, pp. 151--154

The hyperprolific line is considered to be maximally effective in pursuit of progress in sow's reproduction. Hyperprolific line efficiency is commonly evaluated in regard of breeding herd progress. We decided to study how effective it is with respect to increasing of litter size in multiplication herd. Our study is specific by using the data from practice, concretely it is based on the information about the ancestor of sows in multiplication herd. The ancestors could be the member either hyperprolific line or normal line. The information about performances of sows breed in multiplication herd was known. The mixed linear models in SAS for Windows 9.1.2. were conducted to statistical analysis. Our results indicated that no significant effect on litter size was achieved by selection criteria used in the hyperprolific line creation. In studied population no differences between TNB, NBA or NW were found on the 1st as well as on the 1st--5th litters. As we have mentioned above, the study is specific by using the data from practice. Therefore the studied population size is limited. It is necessary to take into consideration when the results are applied. Nevertheless, the results shown that other studies with larger population should be done to reevaluate the selection criteria.

pigs, selection, reproduction, hyper prolific line

Vliv zatížení spalovacího motoru na energetické a výkonnostní parametry traktorových souprav

Vojáček, M., Bauer, F., Sedlák, P., Šmerda, T.

Abstract
Vojáček, M., Bauer, F., Sedlák, P., Šmerda, T.: The effect of the load of a combustion engine on energetic and performance parameters of tractor aggregates. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2009, LVII, No. 2, pp. 155--166

The objective of this paper is to demonstrate possibilities how to reduce consumption of Diesel fuel on the one hand and to increase the performance of tractor aggregates on the other. Measurings were performed on a field with clayey-loamy soil, after the harvest of spring barley as forecrop and treatment of soil surface with disc harrowing. At the moment of measuring, the upper soil layer (till 10 cm) contained 16.5 % of humidity. Measured were the following parameters: consumption of Diesel fuel, engine revolutions, total time of ploughing, time of turning, depth of ploughing, and the swath of tractor aggregate. The specific consumption of diesel fuel Qm,1 and the efficiency (performance) of the aggregate W1 were calculated using the aforementioned parameters. The experimental tractor operated always with the full dose of fuel. Measurings were performed within zones A -- economic revolutions of the engine (1 580--1 800 min−1) and B -- maximum working revolutions of the engine (1 800--2 000 min−1). Basing on measured values it was found out that in zones A and B, the ploughing aggregate Case Magnum MX 285 plus a combined cultivator Köckerling Exaktgrubber -- Vario showed 9.1 % of fuel saving. Values of efficiency increased by 11.5%. For the ploughing aggregate Case Magnum MX 285 plus the disc harrow Väderstad Excellent XT 620 the corresponding fuel saving was 17.2 %) while the value of efficiency increased by 7.2 %).

tractor aggregate, efficiency, specific fuel consumption, engine revolutions