Acta Universitatis - Content of 1/2004

Obsah čísla 1/2004

Contents of 1/2004

Salemea sororia sp. n. a Hyteronychia obvia sp. n., dva nové druhy masařek ze Sicílie (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) (anglicky)

Povolný, D.

POVOLNÝ, D.: Salemea sororia sp. n. and Heteronychia obvia sp. n., two new species of flesh-flies from Sicily (Diptera, Sarcophagidae). Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 1, pp. 7-14

Salemea sororia sp. n. and Heteronychia obvia sp. n. are next two new discoveries of flesh-flies from Erico arboreae-Quercetum Ilicis formation above Trabia (Palermo). These two obviously very rare taxa were collected near the hilltop of Pizzo Onofrio-Casina (Trabia) near Palermo at 773 m a.s.l., where the flesh-flies were systematically captured in a hilltopping situation at the turn of May/June of the years 1997 2003. In connection with the description of Salemea sororia sp. n. the complicated taxonomy, synonymy and distribution of Salemea ferox (Villeneuve, 1908) are discussed. As for Heteronychia obvia sp. n., its description is completed by the comparison with three related species of the genus Heteronychia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889. Male genitalia and last abdominal segments are figured (partly in colour).

flesh-flies, Sarcophagidae, Sicily, spp. n., insular endemics, taxonomy, distribution

Insuloschema barbarae gen. n., sp. n. a dva nové druhy rodu Keiferia Busck, 1939 z Kalifornie (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) (anglicky)

Povolný, D.

POVOLNÝ, D.: Insuloschema barbarae gen. n., sp. n. and two new species of the genus Keiferia Busck, 1939 from California (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae). Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 1, pp. 15-22

The gnorimoschemine taxa (of the gelechiid moths) Insuloschema barbarae gen. n., sp. n. and two species of the genus Keiferia Busck, 1939, viz. Keiferia educata sp. n. and Keiferia powelli sp. n. are described from California. The first taxon is obviously endemic to one of the most interesting Channel Islands called Santa Barbara and it corroborates its unique history. The two newly described species of Keiferia enrich essentially the number of species existing in California and in the Nearctic realm generally. Moths and their genitalia are figured within the description.

Gnorimoschemine moths, Gelechiidae, California, spp. n., ecology

Diskuse k několika druhům tasemnic z čeledí Hymenolepididae, Anoplocephalidae a Davaineidae parazitujících u hlodavců a člověka (anglicky)

Tenora, F., Baruš, V., Prokeš, M.

TENORA, F., BARUŠ, V., PROKEŠ, M.: Discussion to several tapeworm species from the families Hymenolepididae, Anoplocephalidae and Davaineidae parasitizing rodents and man. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 1, pp. 23-28

With the more recent knowledge, the hypothesis by Joyeux and Baer (1929) is consulted: ... most of rarer species of tapeworms occurring in man are probably parasites of other mammals, specially of Rodentia ..... . In connection with that, the host specificity in several species from the families Hymenolepididae, Anoplocephalidae and Davaineidae is discussed. So far parasites of rodents are concerned, they are the species Rodentolepis straminea, R. fraterna, Hymenolepis diminuta, H. pseudodiminuta, H. hibernia and Inermicapsifer arvicanthidis. So far parasites of man are concerned, they are the species Rodentolepis nana, Hymenolepis flavopunctata and Inermicapsifer madagascariensis. Attention is drawn also to discrepancies in the opinions published on the views of hosts specificity or of zoogeographical distribution of several species from the family Davaineidae.

Cestoda, Hymenolepididae, Anoplocephalidae, Davaineidae, host specificity, Rodentia, man

Úplný seznam včel České republiky a Slovenska s poznámkami k jejich rozšíření a taxonomii (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apoidea) (anglicky)

Přidal, A.

PŘIDAL, A.: Checklist of the bees in the Czech Republic and Slovakia with comments on their distribution and taxonomy (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 1, pp. 29-66

Complete faunistics was compiled in countries surrounding the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The latest checklist of the bee fauna from the then Czechoslovakia being published well over a decade ago, the aim of this paper is to up-date Kocourek s checklist (hereinafter referred to as only the List ) from 1989.

In the present paper, inaccuracies occurring in Kocourek s checklist (e.g. using of junior synonyms or homonyms, spelling of names, incorrect species distribution, etc.) are corrected. In addition, new records according to literature data, findings communicated by colleagues, or own records, are summarised. The compilation of this faunistic list required checking of over 750 names of the species group and more than 140 supraspecific names to be used valid and available names. The faunistic revision results in the following findings.
In total, 431 bee species range the Bohemian territory (occurrence was approved); of that, the following species are newly included: 4 species according to records (captured or checked specimen(s)) and 3 species as per literature data. Five species are conditionally removed from the Bohemian fauna, ten species are missing, eleven species are removed from the checklist, and the occurrence of one species is potential. Altogether 543 species range the Moravian territory; in that number, the following species are newly included: 17 species according to records, and 6 species according to literature data. Eight species are conditionally removed from the Moravian fauna, one species is missing, six species are removed from the checklist, and the occurrence of five species is potential.
A total of 625 species range the Slovak territory; of that, the following species are newly included: 17 species according to records, and 14 species according to literature data. Seventeen species are conditionally removed from the Slovak fauna, no species is missing, ten species are removed from the checklist, and the occurrence of thirteen species is potential. Therefore, more intensive faunistic research is recommended in the Slovak territory.
Altogether 655 species range the Czech Republic and Slovakia; of that number, 555 species occur in the Czech Republic, and 625 species occur in Slovakia. It results in finding that the diversity of the bee fauna in the Czech Republic and Slovakia can be regarded as comparablely equal with their neighbouring countries regarding the structure and geographic position of the both republics. The most important records of species are as follows: Hylaeus trinotatus (Pérez, 1895) [Slovakia], Andrena pontica Warncke, 1972 [Moravia], Halictus resurgens Nurse, 1903 [S], H. smaragdulus Vachal, 1895 [M, S], Lasioglossum bavaricum (Blüthgen, 1930) and L. cupromicans (Pérez, 1903) [S], L. lissonotum (Noskiewicz, 1926) [M, S], Sphecodes majalis Pérez, 1903 and Melitta wankowiczi (Radoszkowski, 1891) [S], Megachile flabellipes Pérez, 1895 [M], Coelioxys alata Förster, 1853 [S], Anthidium septemspinosum Lepeletier, 1841 and Melecta aegyptiaca Radoszkowski, 1876 [M], Pyrobombus (Cullumanobombus) semenoviellus (Skorikov, 1910) [Bohemia] and P. (Melanobombus) sicheli (Radoszkowski, 1859) [M, S].
Pseudoanthidium scapulare (Latreille, 1809) nom. et sp. rev. is not conspecific with P. lituratum (Panzer, 1801). Eucera polonica Ruszkowski, 1994 is a junior subjective synonym to E. pollinosa Smith, 1854.

faunistics, supraspecific taxonomy, bees, Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Czech Republic, Slovakia, new records, Pseudoanthidium scapulare, Eucera polonica

This paper is a continuation of the previous paper by Pidal (2001) where the latest knowledge about faunistics of the Colletidae bee family was summarised and broadly commented. The last checklist of the bees of the Czech Republic and Slovakia was published in 1989 (Kocourek, 1989, hereinafter referred to as only the List ). The List contains numerous errors and obsolete data; therefore, further publishing of commented checklist also for the other bee families was indicated in Pidal (2001). However, as the compilation of such a detailed list requires a slew of work, the edition thereof is delayed. The delay is the reason for the present paper being published in the meantime.

In the neighbouring countries, complete faunistics was compiled as follows: Austria, Switzerland, Germany (Schwarz et al., 1996) and Poland (Pawlikowski, 2001). Data on the bee fauna from the Ukraine and Hungary have so far not been summarised. The latest published checklist of the bee fauna from the Czech Republic and Slovakia has come out well over a decade ago; therefore, the aim of the present paper is to up-date Kocourek s List. It seeks to correct the mentioned errors and keying mistakes, review contemporary species distribution through comparison with Kocourek s list, and to register new or forgotten records.

Rhizoctonia solani Kühn AG 3 jako patogen bramboru a jeho citlivost k mořidlům (anglicky) 67

Šafránková, I.

ŠAFRÁNKOVÁ, I.: Rhizoctonia solani Kühn anastomosis group 3 as pathogen of potato and its sensitivity to seed-fungicides. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 1, pp. 67-74

R. solani (Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk) isolated from the sclerotia from the potatoes belongs to anastomose group 3 (AG 3), defined as the potato type . The present study shows the results of research into the efficiency of the seed-fungicides on R. solani (AG 3) isolates from various regions (12) of the Czech Republic. In addition to registered seed-fungicides we also tested the unregistered preparation Prestige 290 FS (pencycuron + imidacloprid). Our objective was to test the efficiency of the seed-fungicides on R. solani isolates and the sensitivity, or resistance, of the isolates to registered and unregistered seed-fungicides and/or to the active ingredients mancozeb, tolclofos-methyl, pencycuron and carboxin + thiram, and to the unregistered combination of the pencycuron + imidacloprid active ingeriens.

Rhizoctonia solani, anastomosis groups, fungicides

Výskyt vrbovky žláznaté (Epilobium ciliatum Rafin.) v porostech polních plodin a na úhorech

Winkler, J., Zelená, V.

WINKLER, J., ZELENÁ V.: Occurence of Northern Willowherb (Epilobium ciliatum Rafin.) in crop stands and fallow lands. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 1, pp. 75-80

Northern willowherb (Epilobium ciliatum Rafin.) is a naturalized allien species occurring almost all over the territory of the Czech Republic. Evaluation of weed vegetation by means of methodology developed by Kühn (1982) took place on selected fields located in the cadastral area of Olomouc-Holice. All in all, 1360 phytosociological relevés were recorded from 1997 to 2001, on the average, one relevé per 2,7 ha. In addition to it, the occurrence of Epilobium ciliatum was recorded within an experiment with green fallow lands at Kromíž in 2002. Every individual plant species had been assigned data on its cover and growth phases according to the BBCH scale (an universal growth phases scale for crops and weeds, Hess et al., 1997). The frequency of occurrence of Epilobium ciliatum in cereal crops is so low that it is negligible from the economic point of view and moreover, the plant is not capable of any reproduction there. In other crops (such as sugar beet, maize or alfalfa), Epilobium ciliatum either does not occur at all or its occurrence is very rare. On arable lands, it is capable of reproducing itself in rape and caraway only. In view of the fact that the frequency of its occurrence on fallow lands was very low, we do not have available a sufficient amount of data from which a general rule governing its occurrence and cover rate could be derived. Even though the agricultural lands apparently only started to be invaded by the northern willowherb, the plant is already capable of reproducing itself to some extent, which fact is of essential importance for the increase of its significance in the future.

Northern Willowherb (Epilobium ciliatum Rafin.), crop stands, fallow lands

Složení potravy psíka mývalovitého (Nyctereutes procyonoides) a jezevce lesního (Meles meles) v České republice

Šuláková, H.

ŠULÁKOVÁ, H.: Diet composition of the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and badger (Meles meles) in Czech Republic. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 1, pp. 81-90

Diets of the raccoon dog and badger were studied in the Landscape Protected Area (LPA) Litovelské Pomoraví from 2000 to 2001 by collecting faeces from latrines during March December every year. The relative volume and frequency occurrence of each food item in the feaces were calculated. Vertebrates and invertebrates constituted the bulk of the raccoon dog diet, while plants and invertebrates were most frequently eaten by the badger. Insecta and Rodentia were important to the raccoon dog, but it also consumed other food items. The raccoon dog was more omnivorous that the badger. Badger fed very frequently on plant material, raccoon dog, instead, frequently ate insects, especially beetles. In conclusion, the diet of the raccoon dog overlaps largely with that of badger, and some competition for food may occur between these species in the LPA Litovelské Pomoraví; however, their preferred food sources differ to some extent, which helps them to avoid competition.

raccoon dog, badger, feeding competition, LPA Litovelské Pomoraví, Czech Republic

Vliv kyselých siláží v krmné dávce dojnic na obsah parametrů bachorové fermentace (anglicky)

Doležal, P.

DOLE®AL, P.: The influence of the silage with high acidity on the rumen fermentation of cows. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 1, pp. 91-96

Twenty dairy cows were used in an experiment at which the influence of silages with different content of acids on the rumen fermentation was studied. Animals were divided into experimental and control group, each of them about 10 individuals. Feeding ratio consisted of maize silage (26 kg), alfalfa silage (13 kg), meadow hay (1 kg) and corn mixture (8.5 kg). The experimental group was fed an inoculated maize silage, with higher contents of fermentation acids. Intake of total acids per 1 kg live weigh was higher in the experimental group than control group (1.98 g/kg; 1.48 g/kg live weight, respectively). The rumen fluid was taken per orally 2-3 hours after feeding. Mean value of pH of rumen fluid was significantly (P<0.05) lower in the experimental group (5.8 +/- 0.08) in comparison with control group (6.2 +/- 0.06).

The most significant increase (P<0.01) of VFA content (125 +/- 5.2 mmol/l) and lactic acid content (4.8 +/- 0.2 mmol/l) was observed in rumen fluid of experimental group. Significant differences (P<0.05) of propionic acid and butyric acid content were also found out between the groups. Nevertheless, acetic acid content was insignificant (P>0.05) lower in experimental group. A protozoa (infusoria) content was significantly (P<0.01) lower in the experimental group (175.76 +/- 12.54 thousand/ml) as compared with the control group (288.1 +/- 13.73 thousand/ml).

dairy cows, rumen fluid, fermentation process, acidosis, silage, lactic acid

Genetický trend sportovní výkonnosti českého teplokrevníka

Jiskrová, I.

JISKROVÁ, I.: Genetic trend for jumping performance in Czech warm-blooded horses. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 1, pp. 97-102

Data on the jumping performance of horses in the period of 1991 - 2002 were analysed. The data included 252781 starts of 10671 horses in 10911 jumping competitions. The performance was characterised on the basis of the obtained bad points (penalties) of the competing horses. The BLUP Animal model was used to estimate the breeding value of the sport horses; the genetic trend in the jumping performance of the Czech warm-blooded horse was assessed on the basis of these results. Regression analysis and calculations of the mean breeding values based on the year of birth were used to determine the dependence of the estimated breeding value on the year of birth. The jumping performance of the population of the Czech warm-blooded horse shows a positive trend. The regression coefficient of 0.1337 shows the genetic trend in the population, which means an increasing jumping performance of the horses expressed in reduced earnings of bad points by 0.1337 in dependence on the year of birth.

horses, genetic trend, breeding value, jumping performance, Best Linear Unibased Prediction

Analýza udržitelnosti zemědělských systémů (anglicky)

Hanuš, L.

HANUŠ, L.: Sustainability analysis of agricultural systems. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 1, pp. 103-112

The main aim of this research is to propose an evaluation method as a tool for measurement of sustainable development in agriculture. The research has three parts: 1) indication, 2) evaluation and 3) application. Three aggregate and a group of partial indicators were selected for ecological, economic and social dimension of agricultural system. As the aggregate indicators were proposed: Material and Energy Costs, Operating Income and Personal Costs. Two evaluation methods for calculation of relative sustainability for group of farms were proposed: The Method of Comparison of Indicator Values and The Method of Comparison of Weighted Interval Sustainability. Each method was tested in static and dynamic variant with using of financial data of 30 farms in the CR. Proposed Index of Weighted Interval Sustainability is applicable in farm management and in agricultural policy with aim to redistribute subsidies.

sustainability, agriculture, system, farm, indicator, evaluation

Využití rostlin akumulujících těžké kovy při detoxikaci chemicky kontaminovaných půd (anglicky)

Antonkiewicz, J., Jasiewicz, Cz., Ryant, P.

ANTONKIEWICZ, J., JASIEWICZ, Cz., RYANT, P.: The use of heavy metal accumulating plants for detoxication of chemically polluted soils. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 1, pp. 113-120

The studies conducted from 1997 to 1999 in a vegetation hall were performed as a pot experiment on ordinary silt soil. Jerusalem artichoke, maize, Sida hermaphrodita Rusby, amaranth and hemp were used as indicator plants. The results confirmed, great diversification of the element contents which depends not only on the species but also on the part of individual plants. Analysis of the data revealed also another dependence: increased concentration of heavy metals in the soil corresponded to a higher content of heavy metals in the plants. Significant differences in this respect were observed for the plant species grown in unpolluted or differently contaminated soil.

detoxication, heavy metals, plants, polluted soils, Helianthus tuberosus L., Zea mays L., Sida hermaphrodita Rusby, Amaranthus L., Cannabis sativa L., Jerusalem artichoke, maize, amaranth, hemp

Frakce humusových látek v půdě hnojené čistírenskými kaly a vermikomposty (anglicky)

Filipek-Mazur, B., Gondek, K., Ryant, P.

FILIPEK-MAZUR, B., GONDEK, K., RYANT, P.: Fractions of humus compounds in soil fertilised with sewage sludge and vermicomposts. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 1, pp. 121-126

Four-year investigations conducted as a field experiment aimed to determine the effect of organic fertilisation with farmyard manure, tannery sludge and vermicompost obtained from it on soil humus compounds composition. Equal to farmyard manure effect of vermicompost on organic carbon and total nitrogen was determined in the discussed experiment. Organic carbon content diminished as a result of mineral treatment and fertilisation with untreated sludge. The number of most mobile humus fractions decreased in result of applied fertilisation where as the share of humus compounds not undergoing hydrolysis increased.

soil, fractions of humus, fertilisation, sewage sludge, vermicompost

Vliv termínu využití na kvalitu polopirozeného travního porostu na podzim a v zimě

Skládanka, J.

SKLÁDANKA, J.: Effect of utilization term on the quality of semi-natural grass stand in the autumn and in the winter time. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 1, pp. 127-136

Quality of green fodder from a semi-natural sward consisting of Festuca rubra, Taraxacum officinale, Dactylis glomerata, Trisetum flavescens, Poa ssp., Agrostis stolonifera and Phleum pratense as dominant species, situated in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands (Czech Republic) was studied in the months of the main forage utilization (November, December and January). Main usage in the winter months was preceded by usage in June, July and August (preparatory cut). The sward was fertilized in the first half of August with 50 kg N.ha-1. Qualitative characteristics studied in 2000/2001, 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 were N-substances and NEL. Sward quality was decreasing from November to January with the date of utilization exhibiting a highly significant effect ( < 0.01) on the NEL content in all three years of monitoring and on the content of N-substances in the first two years of monitoring. Effect of the preparatory cut on the contents of N-substances and NEL was significant ( < 0.05) in all three years of monitoring and in the first two years of monitoring, respectively. In November, the contents of N-substances and NEL were higher in variants with the preparatory cut made in August than in variants with the preparatory cut made in June or July. The effect of the date of preparatory cut on the contents of N-substances and NEL in December and January was depending on climatic conditions in the given year.

sward, preparatory cut, winter utilization, winter grazing

Vliv zatížení spalovacího motoru na ekonomiku provozu traktorových souprav

Bauer, F., Sedlák, P.

BAUER, F., SEDLÁK, P.: Effect of towing load of combustion engines on economic parameters of operation of tractor aggregates. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 1, pp. 137-144

This paper deals with possible ways how to reduce consumption of Diesel oil under conditions of increased performance of tractor aggregates. In laboratory, complete characteristics of John Deere 8300 engine were measured on the power take-of shaft. The same tractor was thereafter used for field experiments with a seven-shares suspended turning plough. Measurements were carried out in the village Jeníkova Lhota (county Tábor) on a field with loamy-sandy soil of 16.1% average moisture content. The specific volume density of dry soil was 1.48 g/cm³. The following engine parameters were measured: Diesel oil consumption, engine speed, wheel slippage, time interval required for passing through the measured distance and the depth and width of ploughing. Measured values were used for calculation of Diesel oil consumption (amount required for ploughing of 1 cu. m. and the area ploughed up for a unit of time). Tractor ploughed always with the full fuel tank. Measurements were carried out at 1680 1850 and 1900 2050 revolutions per minute. Obtained results indicate that with 1680 1850 rev./min. the average fuel consumption was 6.4 ml/cu. m while with 1900 2050 rev./min. it increased to 7.49 ml/cu. m. This means that the saving of fuel was a 17% and the increase in tractor performance 10.8%.

tractor-plugh aggregate, performance, fuel consumption, engine speed

Odhad plemenné hodnoty sportovních koní v České republice

Jiskrová, I.

JISKROVÁ, I.: Estimation of the breeding value of sport horses in the Czech Republic. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 1, pp. 145-152

The performance of 10671 horses in 10911 sport competitions was used to estimate the breeding value of the population of the Czech warm-blooded horses using the Best Linear Unibased Prediction method. The sport performance was estimated on the basis of the number of bad points (penalties) in jumping competitions. We analysed 252781 sporting results in the period 1991 2002. The estimations encompassed the fixed effects of sex, age, level of the competition and random effects of the breeder, rider, competition and the permanent environment. We compared the original and innovated calculations of the estimate of the breeding value of sport horses in the Czech Republic. We then compiled a list of estimated breeding values for stallions having 30 or more offspring and we compared the estimated breeding values with the results of the official system of progeny testing for performance in the Czech Republic.

horses, breeding, breeding value, jumping performance, Best Linear Unibased Prediction, Czech warm-blooded horse

Porovnání exteriéru huculských koní chovaných v České republice a v Polsku

Matoušová - Malbohanová, Z., Hájková, M., Jiskrová, I.

MATOUŠOVÁ MALBOHANOVÁ, Z., HÁJKOVÁ, M., JISKROVÁ, I.: Body conformation comparison of Czech and Polish Hucul horses. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 1, pp. 153-158

Measurements of 17 body measures and 11 indices of body conformation on 209 breeding individuals of the Hucul horse were used to analyse the effect of country of origin (Poland and the Czech Republic), sex (stallions and mares), age (5 classes) and sire line (Gurgul, Goral, Oušor, Hroby, Polan, Pietrosu, Prislop). All horses were measured by one person. Measures and indexes were analysed by the GLM procedure. The main effect was the country of origin. Highly significant differences were found between both Polish and Czech horses in two thirds of measurements and in more than half of indices. The Czech Hucul horses are significantly higher, longer, wider in pelvis and have longer head than Polish horses. On the contrary to the Czech horses are Polish horses more compact, massive and have deeper chest. Their cannon bone in relation to height of wither is wider.

horses, Hucul horse, conformation, body measure

Teplotní, vlhkostní a napě»ová pole v hráni řeziva při sušení v atypické komorové kondenzační sušárně řeziva

Tippner, J., Koňas, P.

TIPPNER, J., KOŇAS, P.: Temperature, moisture and stress fields in deck in the course of drying process in atypical chamber condensing sawn wood kiln. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 1, pp. 159-168

Common parametric model of sawn wood, geometry and finite element and physical parametric model pile sawn wood and its immediate airy environment was introduced. By the help of numerical simulation with Finite Element Method utilization the description of temperature distribution, dampness and stress in wood, in dependence on temperature and moisture distribution in airy environment of sawn wood kiln was included. Discussion about problem of design model, mesh refinement and definition boundary conditions was opened. Results of simulations make possible to propound the optimization of drying process. Direction of next investigation was outlined too.

FEM, sawn wood, kiln, numerical simulation, drying, moisture, temperature, stress, ANSYS

Parametrizace numerické simulace procesu sušení v atypické komorové kondenzační sušárně řeziva

Zejda, J., Koňas, P.

ZEJDA, J., KOŇAS, P.: Parametrication of numerical simulation of drying process in atypicall condenzation lumber kiln. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 1, pp. 169-174

This work deal with modelling of the process of drying, air flow, temperature and moisture distribution in a condensation lumber kiln. This model was made and solved in the computing system ANSYS with the use of the finite element method. There are comparationes of the 2D and 3D models, shape of wood stacks and variability of their parameters (height, width, length, cross section) in the work. The flow velocity and orientation, pressure and temperature field were observed.

ANSYS, FLOTRAN, FEM, drying process, wood kiln, numerical simulation

Vyhodnocení fraktálových dimenzí z bitmapové předlohy (Část: Algoritmy) (anglicky)

Koňas, P.

KOŇAS, P.: Evaluation of fractal dimensions from bitmap image (Part: Algorithms). Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 1, pp. 175-182

The work assembled the complex application for evaluation of main fractal characteristics from input image. New simple modifications of evaluation of positive cells according to appropriate scale were implemented. Detail description of theory for each method and description of evaluation process was included. Filtration modification (which is able to estimate the structure which belongs only to specified scale) was introduced together with volumetric modification that allows selecting of optional ratio for determination of positive cells. Also, Richardson method and Slit-Island method were converted to algorithm form. Program was compiled for processing of the following projects about influence between fractal dimensions and mechanical properties of tested materials.

fractal dimension, algorithm, wood, program application

Guatemalská makadlovka hlízová (Scrobipalpopsis solanivora Povolný, 1973) před branami Evropy (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) (anglicky)

Povolný, D.

POVOLNÝ, D.: The Guatemalan potato tuber moth (Scrobipalpopsis solanivora Povolný, 1973) before the gateways of Europe (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae). Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 1, pp. 183-196

After its spread through many potato growing states of South America the Guatemalan potato tuber moth (Scrobipalpopsis solanivora Povolný, 1973) was introduced into the Canary Islands (1998 2000) and caused several outbreaks both in potato fields and stores. This paper deals with the generic status of this insect pest and summarizes the most important results of its studies and research. This paper is aimed mainly at the European institutions of plant protection reacting especially on the needs expressed by the European Plant Production Organisation (EPPO). The paper is accompanied by coloured figures of moths and damage on potato tubers and with sketches of taxonomically important characters of the pest.

Guatemalan potato tuber moth, potato pest, biology, dispersal, control measures, South America, Canary Islands

Vliv hustoty osazení na chování kura domácího v klecové technologii

Klecker, D., Zeman, L.

KLECKER, D., ZEMAN, L.,: Effect of number of birds per cage on poultry behaviour. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 1, pp. 199-204

The aim of this ethological experiment was to study the effect of decreasing numbers of hens kept in cages on changes in their behaviour. The numbers of hens were reduced from three to two and one bird per cage and the results of ethological observations were as follows: in cages with three birds the behaviour of hens was relatively normal and corresponded with behaviour patterns observed in cage technologies. A reduction to two hens per cage increased their fighting activities because one of them struggled for a dominant position so that the performance of subordinated hen was usually decreased. Individual rearing resulted in attenuated feeding activities, reduction of motivation behaviour.

hens, cages, number of birds per cage, behaviour

Mikromorfologické charakteristiky podzol v horských oblastech R

Jelínek, S.

JELÍNEK, S.: Micromorphological characters of podzols in mountains regions of the Czech Republic. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 1, pp. 205-208

Seven podzol profiles from mountain regions of the Czech Republic were studied within a research programme. Especially microscopic characters of soils and their micromorphological properties were studied in detail. In all profiles studied the separation of the soil mass into two constituting elements, viz. skeleton and plasm, was observed. In eluvial horizons mainly the structures are represented which result from a progressed dissolution of the building plasm and which contain skeleton consisting mainly of completely washy (leached) sand grains. Only very little organic matter is present in eluvial horizons. In leached (iluvial) horizons covering layers arise (Kubiena, 1938), this structure type being possibly characterised as skelsepic (according to Brewer, 1964). It was found in some profiles that very minor clay concentrations are developing. This work was undertaken as part of the Research Project J/08/98:434100005 Forest and Landscape Sustainable Management: from Outline to Achievement , NO 413/1034/9ZA05.

micromorphological characters, podzols, site evaluation, mountain regions

Vliv styčné plochy pneumatik na tahové vlastnosti traktoru

Sedlák, P., Bauer, F.

SEDLÁK, P., BAUER, F.: Effect of contact surface of tyres on tractor pulling properties. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 1, pp. 209-216

The paper presents a comparison of pulling properties of a prototype of three-axle tractor 6K6 with the classical tractor John Deere 8400. To compare differences in the contact surface of wheels the authors measured the area of tyres of tested tractors. It was found out that the contact surface of tyres of 6K6 tractor was larger by 62 % than that of John Deere 8400. Results of measurements performed on a stubble indicated that the drawbar pull force of 6K6 tractor was 70 kN while that of 4K4 only 58 kN (slippage of wheels was in both cases 40 %). It was concluded that although the weights of both tractors were comparable, a greater drawbar pull force of 6K6 tractor resulted from a larger contact area of tyres with soil surface. The maximum drawbar power of 6K6 tractor was measured at the speed ranging from 13 to 17 km.h^-1. In case of John Deere 8400 tractor, the maximum drawbar power was recorded at speeds of 9 to 13 km.h^-1.
Wheels of the prototype 6K6 tractor were tyred with tyres 480/70 R 30. The equation of slippage curve was derived on the base of measured results and the coefficient of adhesion.

tractor, drawbar pull force, drawbar power, wheel slippage

Tvorba italského zahradního architekta Pietra Porcinaie

Kulhánková, Z.

KULHÁNKOVÁ, Z.: The work of Italian garden designer Pietro Porcinai. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2004, LII, No. 1, pp. 217-226

Pietro Porcinai (1910 - 1986) was the Italy s most distinguished garden designer of the twentieth century. He was born in Settignano (Florence) and grew up in the ambience of Villa Gamberaia, where his father was a head gardener. He gained a diploma in agriculture in 1928 and left to the nothern Europe. He stopped in Germany where he worked a few years. In Belgium he met the new tendention of the constructed garden and in Germany was influenced by Fritz Enchke and Karl Foerster. He started to practise in 1931. Pietro Porcinai was one of the founders of IFLA (International Federation of Landscape Architects) in 1948 and two years later he founded with Raffaele Vico and Michele Bussini the Italian Association of Landscape Architects (now AIAPP). Porcinai saw his method as the creation of garden spaces with plants, rather than architecture. There is 1,318 projects in his archive - private gardens, public parks, motorways, urban spaces, which reveal that his deep understanding of modern design was never surrended. In 1957 Porcinai bought Villa Rondinelli on a Fiesole hillside where he worked and lived until his death in 1986.

modern garden design, Pietro Porcinai, Italy, IFLA